Disruption of a high risk plaque is known as the primary cause of cardiovascular events. Characterization of arterial wall components has become an essential adjunct in the identification of patients with plaques prone to rupture. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been revealed as one of the noninvasive tools possibly capable of identifying and characterizing high risk atherosclerotic plaque. MRI may facilitate diagnosis, and guide and serially monitor interventional and pharmacological treatment of atherosclerotic disease. In addition, it permits the simultaneous assessment of the anatomy, morphology, and hemodynamics for the study of flow-induced atherogenesis. It possibly will identify asymptomatic patients with subclinical atherosclerosis. This has potential significance for the improvement of strategies in primary and secondary prevention. (J Interven Cardiol 2003;16:129-142) Address for reprints: Zahi A. Fayad, Ph.D., Mount more prevalent, for instance, in the inner curve of coronary arteries, 9,10 close to side branches, 11-14 aortic arch, and in the bulb of the carotid arteries. 15,16 These are sites of flow separation 17 and oscillating shear stress, 15 suggesting that shear stress plays a role in the distribution of plaques in the vascular system. 9 Our present challenge is to develop a reliable imaging modality, preferably noninvasive, capable of characterizing the components of the atherosclerotic plaque in the different vascular beds including coronary arteries. This will permit identification and treatment of plaques at high risk of rupture and thrombosis. 18 Some of the current imaging methods include thermography, [19][20][21] Raman spectroscopy, 22 computed tomography (CT) (electron-beam CT and spiral/helical CT), 23 intravascular ultrasound (US), [24][25][26][27] and near infrared spectroscopy. 28,29 High resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), however, has emerged as one of the leading noninvasive imaging modalities for plaque characterization. MRI allows serial repetitions without the risk of ionizing radiation, provides high resolution images of the arterial wall and lumen, and permits early visualization of the high risk plaque. Considering the heavy toll of lives that cardiovascular diseases take worldwide, it is important to be able to detect and treat these diseases early in their course.