Will Climate Change Influence Production and Environmental Pathways of Halogenated Natural Products?

Abstract

Thousands of halogenated natural products (HNPs) pervade the terrestrial and marine environment. HNPs are generated by biotic and abiotic processes and range in complexity from low molecular mass natural halocarbons (nHCs, mostly halomethanes and haloethanes) to compounds of higher molecular mass which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens (hHNPs). nHCs have a key role in regulating tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, while some hHNPs bioaccumulate and have toxic properties similar those of anthropogenic-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both chemical classes have common sources: biosynthesis by marine bacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some invertebrate animals, and both may be similarly impacted by alteration of production and transport pathways in a changing climate. The nHCs scientific community is advanced in investigating sources, atmospheric and oceanic transport, and forecasting climate change impacts through modeling. By contrast, these activities are nascent or nonexistent for hHNPs. The goals of this paper are to (1) review production, sources, distribution, and transport pathways of nHCs and hHNPs through water and air, pointing out areas of commonality, (2) by analogy to nHCs, argue that climate change may alter these factors for hHNPs, and (3) suggest steps to improve linkage between nHCs and hHNPs science to better understand and predict climate change impacts.

Environmental Consequences of Rubber Crumb Application: Soil and Water Pollution

“…In this regard, some plant species are, therefore employed, to remediate contaminated areas [ 14 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Animals can also bioaccumulate organic substances and metals in their body, but in the case of their intoxication, adverse consequences may lead in the worst case to their death due to the poisons themselves or becoming prey to predators since they are not able to escape [ 49 ].…”

Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment – a review

“…216 Climate-chemistry modeling is ongoing to project future nHC emissions, transport, and impact on the stratospheric ozone, with good comparison among models thus far. 216,222 Approximately half of the total bromine reaching the stratosphere in 2016 consisted of natural tribromomethane (CHBr 3 ) and other brominated nHCs, however, there is no indication of long-term trends so far. 223 Most models predict an increase in nHC emissions over this century, but the impacts of this increase are uncertain.…”

“…Location abbreviations: BAI ¼ Banks Island, Canada; KOO ¼ Kootany River, B.C., Canada; HUB ¼ Hudson Bay, Canada; LAB ¼ Labrador Sea, Canada; NOW ¼ Northwater Polynya, Canada; LAM ¼ Lake Michigan, U.S.A.; LAH ¼ Lake Huron, Canada-U.S.A.; LAS ¼ Lake Superior, Canada-U.S.A.; WLM, MLM ¼ White and Muskegon Lakes, Michigan, U.S.A.; BIR ¼ Birkenes, Norway; LIS ¼ Lista, Norway; AND ¼ Andøya, Norway; ZEP ¼ Zeppelin Mountain (Ny Ålesund), Norway; BAL ¼ Baltic Sea; ABI ¼ Abisko, Sweden; PAL ¼ Pallas, Finland; RÅ Ö ¼ R åö , Sweden; SWC ¼ Swedish West Coast; GEB ¼ German Bight (North Sea); REU ¼ R éunion; LIA ¼ Liaodong Bay (Bohai Sea); ECS ¼ East China Sea, YES ¼ Yellow Sea; SKO ¼ coastal South Korea (including Busan); GBR ¼ Great Barrier Reef, Australia; AUP ¼ Aupouri Peninsula, New Zealand; AMS ¼ American Samoa; SIA ¼ Signey Island, Antarctica. References available in Bidleman et al (2020) 216.…”

An Electrochemically Mediated Amine Regeneration Process with a Mixed Absorbent for Postcombustion CO2 Capture

“…Global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), has become a major concern in recent years. , The global concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly; in May 2019, atmospheric CO 2 reached 415 ppm, which is the highest level in more than 800000 years . This prompted research activity to develop various approaches that could effectively mitigate emissions by capturing CO 2 , especially from large-point sources such as postcombustion flue gas. , The most developed technologies for CO 2 capture involve thermal cycles in which an aqueous alkanolamine absorbent, such as monoethanolamine, captures CO 2 from impure gas streams, followed by a thermal stripping process in which pure CO 2 is released and the absorbent is regenerated. − However, despite their widespread use, aqueous alkanolamine-based thermal processes have several drawbacks including absorbent degradation at high temperatures, high energy requirements for regeneration, corrosion issues, and high operational costs. ,− Investigations addressing these challenges within the thermal scrubbing process are ongoing.…”

“…Global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), has become a major concern in recent years. 1,2 The global concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly; in May 2019, atmospheric CO 2 reached 415 ppm, which is the highest level in more than 800000 years. 3 This prompted research activity to develop various approaches that could effectively mitigate emissions by capturing CO 2 , especially from large-point sources such as postcombustion flue gas.…”