Will all the trees fall? Variable resistance to an introduced forest disease in a highly susceptible host

Hayden, Katherine J.; Nettel, Alejandro; Dodd, Richard S.; Garbelotto, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.042

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…This discrepancy could be due to the smaller number of isolates used by Elliot et al (20) and highlights that, whereas susceptibility of a host species can be tested using one or a few isolates, comparative analyses aimed at understanding variabil ity among pathogen (and host) individuals require a larger and appropriate representation of isolates. Variable susceptibility to P. ramorum has been observed within four major, relatively intensively studied hosts: rhododendron, tanoak, California bay laurel, and coast live oak (14,18,38,41). However, these studies used only one or two isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage, Temperature, and Host Species have Interacting Effects on Lesion Development in Phytophthora ramorum

et al. 2014

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Eyre, C. A., Hayden, K. J., Kozanitas, M., Griinwald, N. J., and Garbelotto, M. 2014. Lineage, temperature, and host species have interacting effects on lesion development in Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Dis. 98:1717-1727.There are four recognized clonal lineages of the pathogen Phy tophthora ramorum. The two major lineages present in North America are NA1 and NA2. With a few exceptions, NA1 is found in natural forest ecosystems and nurseries, and NA2 is generally restricted to nurseries. Isolates from the NA1 and NA2 lineages were used to infect rhododendron, camellia, and California bay laurel in detached leaf assays to study the effects of lineage, temperature, and host on pathogenicity and host susceptibility. Isolates within both lineages were highly variable in their ability to form lesions on each host. There was also a tendency toward reduced lesion size in successive trials, suggesting degeneration of isolates over time. Temperature had a significant effect on lesion size, with a response that varied depending on the host and isolate. Phenotypic differences between lineages appear to be heavily influenced by the representation of isolates used, host, and temperature. The importance of temperature, host, and lineage are discussed with respect to disease management, as well as future range expansions and migrations of the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage, Temperature, and Host Species have Interacting Effects on Lesion Development in Phytophthora ramorum

et al. 2014

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“…Laboratory and field disease trials have documented variations in sapling infection and mortality rates among tanoak families and individuals; a study of inoculations of detached leaf from throughout the tree's geographic range, documenting quantitative variation in resistance among individuals and populations, also highlighted intriguing interactions of environment and disease (62). Because this first study was focused on mature, wild trees, environmental and genetic effects could not be disentangled, but there was a significant correlation between lower average minimum daily temperatures and greater susceptibility to infection spread, even though inoculations and incubations occurred in the lab, after detached branches were equilibrated under common conditions for several days.…”

Section: Ecology and Impacts Of Sod In California Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Oak Death: Interactions of the Exotic Oomycete Phytophthora ramorum with Naïve North American Hosts

Garbelotto

Hayden

2012

Eukaryot Cell

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Ten years after a threatening and previously unknown disease of oaks and tanoaks appeared in coastal California, a significant amount of progress has been made toward the understanding of its causal agent Phytophthora ramorum and of the novel pathosystems associated with this exotic organism. However, a complete understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of this species still eludes us. In part, our inability to fully understand this organism is due to its phylogenetic, phylogeographic, phenotypic, and epidemiological complexities, all reviewed in this paper. Most lines of evidence suggest that the high degree of disease severity reported in California is not simply due to a generalized lack of resistance or tolerance in naïve hosts but also to an innate ability of the pathogen to survive in unfavorable climatic conditions and to reproduce rapidly when conditions become once again favorable.

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“…and tanoaks (Lithocarpus spp.) affected by sudden oak death (Hayden et al 2011) and butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) affected by butternut canker disease, the potential for genetic disease resistance remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating heritability of disease resistance and factors that contribute to long-term survival in butternut (Juglans cinerea L.)

LaBonte

Ostry

Ross‐Davis

et al. 2015

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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For most wild species affected by exotic pests or pathogens, the relative importance of heritable genetic differences in determining apparent variation in disease resistance is unknown. This is true in particular for butternut, a North American hardwood affected by butternut canker disease and undergoing demographic contraction. Little is known about site effects on butternut decline, in part because long-term monitoring data are lacking. We collected detailed disease phenotypes and multilocus microsatellite genotypes for all surviving individuals in a large natural population of butternut in 2003 (n= 302) and 2012 (n=113). Two analytical methods, correlations between pairwise phenotypic similarity and pairwise relatedness, and estimation of among-family variance, both indicated weak heritability of disease-related traits and no heritability for overall tree health in the population. Additionally, an analysis of spatial data collected in 2001 (n=341) and 2012 (n=113) demonstrated that drier, upland sites contribute to increased likelihood of survival. We conclude that genetic differences among wild butternut individuals contributed little to observed variance in survival over 10 years but fine-scale site differences were useful predictors of butternut mortality.

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Will all the trees fall? Variable resistance to an introduced forest disease in a highly susceptible host

Cited by 44 publications

References 88 publications

Lineage, Temperature, and Host Species have Interacting Effects on Lesion Development in Phytophthora ramorum

Lineage, Temperature, and Host Species have Interacting Effects on Lesion Development in Phytophthora ramorum

Sudden Oak Death: Interactions of the Exotic Oomycete Phytophthora ramorum with Naïve North American Hosts

Estimating heritability of disease resistance and factors that contribute to long-term survival in butternut (Juglans cinerea L.)

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