Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Chlordane

Health Assessment of Free-Ranging Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon Couperi) From Hydrologic Restoration Construction Sites in South Florida, Usa

“…The area where these EIS were collected abutted active citrus groves and row crop farms that may have historically used such compounds. Chlordane was banned in 1988 due to its role in reproductive failure in birds, as well as a potential risk as a human carcinogen (Reinke and Deck 2015). Technical chlordane is made of several isomers in varying proportions (Reinke and Deck 2015) and is readily absorbed after ingestion, inhalation, or through direct skin contact (Hall 1995).…”

“…Chlordane was banned in 1988 due to its role in reproductive failure in birds, as well as a potential risk as a human carcinogen (Reinke and Deck 2015). Technical chlordane is made of several isomers in varying proportions (Reinke and Deck 2015) and is readily absorbed after ingestion, inhalation, or through direct skin contact (Hall 1995). Chlordane is slowly metabolized by the liver into oxychlordane, nonachlor, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide.…”

Maternal and Paternal Household Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…At one time, one of the most widely used pesticides against termites, chlordane, was partially banned in 1983 (except for household use) and fully banned (including household use) in 1988. 94 In this study, children were potentially exposed to pesticides either in utero or within and around their home between approximately 1973 and 1993. Thus, with the information available, this study does not provide evidence that chlordane is the major pesticide responsible for this association.…”

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Associated Persistent Organic Pollutant cis-Chlordane Causes GABAA-Independent Toxicity to Motor Neurons, Providing Evidence toward an Environmental Component of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

“…12 Furthermore, because of chlordane's chemical stability, it is estimated that 25−50% of the 70,000 tons of chlordane produced since 1946 remains unaltered in the environment today. 13 Current documented toxicity from chlordane exposure includes the yearly die-off of birds that eat chlordane-laden grubs from golf courses 14 and local bans on eating fish from fresh water lakes 15 and its direct measurement in a remote California canyon. 16 Recently, there has also been renewed interest in chlordane as an endocrine disruptor.…”