Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Laborda, Pablo; Sanz-García, Fernando; Ochoa-Sánchez, Luz Edith; Gil-Gil, Teresa; Hernando-Amado, Sara; Martínez, José Luis

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.873989

Cited by 44 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…and Salmonella enterica , by the interaction with wild small mammals (Lovera et al, 2017; Ribicich et al, 2010). Our present findings support that these wild small mammals could be important not only in the pathogen transmission on farms but also in the transmission and maintenance of antimicrobial‐resistant microorganisms (Laborda et al, 2022). In the last years, small mammals have been considered as vectors and reservoirs of antimicrobial‐resistant microorganisms, favouring the dissemination of AMR in the environment (Ong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rats as sources of multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae in animal production environments

Dominguez,

Rosario,

Juliana

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus are commensal pest rodents, considered reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. In livestock farms, the wide use of antimicrobials and their release into the environment lead to high long‐term residual concentrations, which may in turn lead to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Farm environments serve as AMR sources, resulting in the transmission of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria and their AMR genes of livestock origin into wildlife. This study aimed to analyse the profile of enterobacteria carrying AMR determinants in rats captured in livestock farms to determine their potential vectors as for the spread of AMR. To this end, 56 rats (52 R. norvegicus and 4 R. rattus) were live‐trapped on 11 farms (pig, dairy, poultry and mixed farms) located in central Argentina, from spring 2016 to autumn 2017. From 50 of the R. norvegicus individuals and three of the R. rattus individuals found in 10 of the farms, we isolated 53 Escherichia coli and five Salmonella strains. Susceptibility to antimicrobials, genotypic profiles, minimal inhibitory concentration of colistin and the presence of mcr‐1 and genes encoding extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) were determined. Of the 58 isolates not susceptible to different antimicrobial classes, 28 of the E. coli strains and two of the Salmonella strains were defined as multi‐drug resistant (MDR). S. Westhampton and S. Newport recovered were not susceptible to ampicillin or all the cephems tested. One of the E. coli obtained showed resistance to colistin and harboured the mcr‐1 gene, demonstrated by PCR and conjugation. In two ESBL‐producing Salmonella isolated from rats, CTX‐M‐2 genes were responsible for the observed resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins. The MDR E. coli isolates showed several different resistance patterns (23), although some of them were the same in different individuals and different farms, with six resistance patterns, evidencing the dispersion of strains. These findings suggest that rats play a role in the dissemination of AMR determinants between animal, humans and environmental reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rats as sources of multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae in animal production environments

Dominguez,

Rosario,

Juliana

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…The low rate or lack of Wolbachia infection in the cockroaches may change in future because it is shown that changing the gut microbiota composition with antibiotic treatment enhanced Wolbachia density in Drosophila melanogaster [ 58 ]. We have no evidence to assess the impact of antibiotic treatment on the incidence and frequency of Wolbachia in German cockroaches, however, cockroaches are exposed to antibiotics in places such hospitals [ 59 , 60 ] and most bacterial agents isolated from cockroaches are antidrug-resistant and antibiotic-resistant [ 61 ]. These situations provide cockroaches with diverse antibiotic treatments which may result in raising Wolbachia density in future and could be the subject of future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia infection in native populations of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana

et al. 2023

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Cockroaches are significant pests worldwide, being important in medical, veterinary, and public health fields. Control of cockroaches is difficult because they have robust reproductive ability and high adaptability and are resistant to many insecticides. Wolbachia is an endosymbiont bacterium that infects the reproductive organs of approximately 70% of insect species and has become a promising biological agent for controlling insect pests. However, limited data on the presence or strain typing of Wolbachia in cockroaches are available. PCR amplification and sequencing of the wsp and gltA genes were used to study the presence, prevalence and molecular typing of Wolbachia in two main cockroach species, Blattella germanica (German cockroach) and Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), from different geographical locations of Iran. The Wolbachia endosymbiont was found only in 20.6% of German cockroaches while it was absent in American cockroach samples. Blast search and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Wolbachia strain found in the German cockroach belongs to Wolbachia supergroup F. Further studies should investigate the symbiotic role of Wolbachia in cockroaches and determine whether lack of Wolbachia infection may increase this insect’s ability to tolerate or acquire various pathogens. Results of our study provide a foundation for continued work on interactions between cockroaches, bacterial endosymbionts, and pathogens.

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“…So far, it appears that the emergence of AMR occurs under selection, mostly by antibiotics, however other components, such as heavy metals or biocides, may also play a role in the development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, the presence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wild animals that are not getting antibiotics should be seen as a sign of antimicrobial resistant pollution [100][101][102].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bats and Its Planetary Health Impact for Surveillance of Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Scoping Review

Devnath¹,

Karah²,

Graham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other outbreaks such as SARS and Ebola, bats are recognized as a critical species for mediating zoonotic infectious disease spillover events. While there is a growing concern of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally during this pandemic, knowledge of AMR circulating between bats and humans is limited. In this paper, we have reviewed the evidence of AMR in bats and discussed the planetary health aspect of AMR to elucidate how this is associated with the emergence, spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance at the human-animal interface. The presence of clinically significant resistant bacteria in bats and wild life has reflective and broad impact on zoonotic pandemic surveillance, disease transmission and treatment modalities. We searched MEDLINE through PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant studies (n=38) that provided data on resistant bacteria in bats till September 30, 2022. There is a substantial variability in the results from studies measuring the prevalence of AMR based on geographic location, bat types and time. We found all major groups of gram positive and gram negative bacteria in bats which are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The most alarming issue is- recent studies have increasingly identified Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL producing and Colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in samples from bats. This evidence of superbugs abundance in both humans and wild mammals like bats, could facilitate a greater understanding of which specific pathways of exposure should be targeted. We believe that these data will also facilitate future pandemic prepareness as well as global AMR containment during the pandemic events and beyond.

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Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Cited by 44 publications

References 80 publications

Rats as sources of multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae in animal production environments

Rats as sources of multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae in animal production environments

Wolbachia infection in native populations of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana

Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bats and Its Planetary Health Impact for Surveillance of Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Scoping Review

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