Wildland firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality

Navarro, Kathleen M.; Kleinman, Michael T.; Mackay, Chris; Reinhardt, Timothy E.; Balmes, John R.; Broyles, George; Ottmar, Roger D.; Naher, Luke P.; Domitrovich, Joseph W.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.060

Cited by 111 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These non-communicable, lifestyle-influenced conditions can put firefighters' career and life at risk [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The hazardous working environment, with risks of burns and physical trauma, air pollutants, physical and emotional stress, and shiftwork, causes additional stress to the cardiovascular system and may put firefighters at a higher cardiovascular disease risk with respect to the general population [7,8]. In fact, among US firefighters, sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of on-duty death, is, in most cases, due to underlying coronary heart disease and cardiomegaly, and is responsible for over 40% of duty-related deaths [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

et al. 2020

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The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits, and the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) has been previously validated as a measure of Mediterranean diet adherence. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the mMDS and anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in a sample of career firefighters. The participants were from Indiana Fire Departments, taking part in the “Feeding America’s Bravest” study, a cluster-randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet intervention. We measured Mediterranean diet adherence using the mMDS. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were also collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used. In unadjusted analyses, many expected favorable associations between the mMDS and cardiovascular disease risk factors were found among the 460 firefighters. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking, a unitary increase in the mMDS remained associated with a decrease of the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β-coefficient −0.028, p = 0.002) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol (β-coefficient 0.254, p = 0.004). In conclusion, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with markers of decreased cardiometabolic risk. The mMDS score is a valid instrument for measuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may have additional utility in research and clinical practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

et al. 2020

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“…With the development of industry and the acceleration of urbanization process, air pollution has become a common risk for human health, especially in developing countries [1][2][3]. The atmospheric fine particulate matter (particulates of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns suspended in the air, PM2.5), as a major kind of air pollution, is one of the main factors causing diseases, especially the respiratory and cardiovascular diseases [4][5][6][7][8]. It has been also declared as an etiological factor of cardiovascular disease by the American Heart Association in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 exposure induces vascular dysfunction via NO generated by iNOS in lung of ApoE-/- mouse

Long¹,

Zhu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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PM2.5 exposure exacerbates cardiovascular diseases via oxidative stress and inflammation, the detailed mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as vascular structure and function were studied by multiple PM2.5 exposure model of ApoE-/-mice. The results indicated that NO produced by iNOS not cNOS might play important roles in inducing vascular dysfunction after PM2.5 exposure. The occurrence order and causality among NO, other oxidative stress indicators and inflammation is explored by single PM2.5 exposure. The results showed that NO generated by iNOS occurred earlier than that of other oxidative stress indicators, which was followed by the increased inflammation. Inhibition of NOS could effectively block the raise of NO, oxidative stress and inflammation after PM2.5 exposure. All in all, we firstly confirmed that NO was the initiation factor of PM2.5 exposure-induced oxidative stress, which led to inflammation and the following vascular dysfunction.

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“…Data such as ambient temperature, CO and oxygen levels allow assessing of the physical circumstances that are conditioning the firefighter's safety and can be warning indicators when these conditions are not those recommended for the health of the professional. These telemetry sensors for monitoring firefighters, together with physiological variables, are already known (Henn et al, 2019;Navarro, Kleinman, et al, 2019;Raines et al, 2012;West et al, 2019). The combination of environmental and physiological variables may prove to be the key to the indication of fatigue alerts caused by exposure to the occupational environment of forest fires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefighters occupational exposure assessment: a systematic literature review

Teixeira¹,

Dias²,

Baptista³

et al. 2021

4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health Proceedings Book

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Introduction: Over the years, the evolution of forest fires has occurred as a result of the evolution of the human species. However, forest fires are still a major challenge for society, placing firefighters with greater occupational exposure. The present study has as main objective to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the main techniques and variables for assessing the occupational exposure of firefighters, during the fight against forest fires.Methodology: The systematic review utilised The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statementmethodology. This methodology was applied in the Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and Academic Search Complete databases with different keywords. The review will include articles written in English only. Results: In the present study, 34 articles were included, in which it was found that exposure to smoking is the most studied variable, and it was in 2019 that a greater evolution of studies in this area of research was observed. Regarding the variables, the studies were organised in groups. Here it is possible to check the different variables selected by the authors and the methods and equipment applied.Discussion: The fact that firefighters carry out their tasks in diverse scenarios and extreme conditions has hindered the application of innovative equipment. It is necessary to combine different variables and equipment for the assessment of occupational exposure. However, it is not always possible to develop this type of equipment in order to be inserted from the user's perspective, from the perspective of the environment, where it will be applied, and from an economic perspective, making it difficult to effectively apply it in the field. Conclusion: As future perspectives, it is recommended that new variables are introduced together, in order to improve the assessment of occupational exposure, namely, through the use of carbon monoxide (CO) and lactate assessment.

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Wildland firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality

Cited by 111 publications

References 35 publications

Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

PM2.5 exposure induces vascular dysfunction via NO generated by iNOS in lung of ApoE-/- mouse

Firefighters occupational exposure assessment: a systematic literature review

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