“…Example measures include PM data from stationary air monitors and wildfire smoke density data from satellites (Gan et al., 2017). Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between wildfire smoke and health outcomes using PM stationary air monitoring data, HMS data, or a combination of both as proxies for personal chemical exposure (Abdo et al., 2019; Aguilera, Corringham, Gershunov, Leibel, & Benmarhnia, 2021; Aguilera, Corringham, Gershunov, & Benmarhnia, 2021; Cleland et al., 2022; Dhingra et al., 2023; Heft‐Neal et al., 2022; Jones et al., 2020; Lipner et al., 2019; Magzamen et al., 2021; Mirabelli et al., 2022; O’Dell et al., 2022; Sorensen et al., 2021; Stowell et al., 2019; Wettstein et al., 2018). For example, a recent wildfire epidemiology study compared mental health symptoms with HMS smoke categories and stated that the HMS estimates are “a proxy for exposure to wildfire smoke” (Mirabelli et al., 2022).…”