WILDCAT: a catalyzed D-D tokamak reactor

Evans, K.; Baker, C.C.; Brooks, J.N.

doi:10.2172/5154717

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Although metoclopramide acts as an antagonist upon mammalian D, receptors,34 it blocks the octopamine,, class of octopamine receptors at the Iocust neuromuscular junction. 35 ACh is an important neurotransmitter in the insect CNS.' Because the adrenergic antagonists propranolol and phentolamine block both dopamine and ACh responses in this it was essential to exclude the possibility that the action of dopamine was mediated through cholinoceptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological differentiation of responses to dopamine, octopamine and noradrenaline recorded from a cockroach motoneurone

Pitman

Davis

1988

Pestic. Sci.

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A B S T R A C TRecordings have been made from the soma of a cockroach common inhibitory motoneurone. Locally applied dopamine, octopamine or noradrenaline all depolarised the neurone and produced a modest increase in membrane conductance. Under voltage-clamp, currents evoked by these amines showed considerable voltage dependence. The current-voltage relationships for dopamine and octopamine responses were similar, but differed from that for noradrenaline. The unusual voltage-dependent characteristics of these responses suggest that these compounds may serve a modulatory junction in the insect C N S .The eJects of a range of pharmacological antagonists indicate that dopamine acts upon a class of receptors distinct from those mediating responses to octopamine, noradrenaline and acetylcholine (ACh). Dopamine currents were abolished by SCH 23390 or cis-(Z)-flupenthixol, which did not depress responses to the other agonists. Octopamine and noradrenaline currents were selectively blocked by metoclopramide and ergometrine respectively, while a-bungarotoxin and gallamine preferentially suppressed ACh responses.At the present time the ionic basis of dopamine responses is unclear.Dopamine-evoked currents were totally abolished by application of Cd2 ' or verapamil or when the preparation was bathed in Ca2+-jiree external solutions. Changes in the external concentrations of Na', K' or C1-, however, also had some effect upon dopamine currents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological differentiation of responses to dopamine, octopamine and noradrenaline recorded from a cockroach motoneurone

Pitman

Davis

1988

Pestic. Sci.

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“…a The attainment of the Cat-D mode of operation is likely to require recirculating the 3 He many times (more than 10 [3,4]) in order to fuse it at the rate of its production. Associated with each recirculation is a need to recover the helium from the fuel and ash leaking out of the plasma, and isotopically separating the 3 He from the 4 He. This SCD fuel cycle is an idealized semi-catalyzed deuterium cycle in which all the tritium and none of the 3 He produced in the D-D reactions: i.» assumed to fuse in the plasma.…”

Section: The Tcp Fuel Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the pioneering work of Mills [6], most of the D-D based fusion power reactor studies (based on magnetic confinement) considered the Cat-D fuel cycle [3,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. The SCD fusion fuel cycle was first considered in the context of fusion-fission hybrid reactors [13][14][15].…”

Section: D-d Based Reactor Studies -Teviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tritium catalyzed deuterium tokamaks

Greenspan¹,

Miley²,

Jung³

et al. 1984

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Schematics of D-D based fusion fuel cycles 4 2 Effect of PCA and H 2 O volume fraction on the tritium breeding per D-T neutron. 3 He volume fraction is 10% 12 3 Effect of PCA and H 2 O volume fraction on the tritium breeding per D-D neutron. 3 He volume fraction is 10Z. 12 4 Effect of 3 He volume fraction on the tritium breeding per D-T neutron. PCA volume fraction is 10% 13 5 Effect of 3 He volume fraction on the tritium breeding per D-D neutron. PCA volume fraction is 10% 13 6 3 He requirements for attaining a given tritium breeding ratio per D-T neutron. 15 7 3 Ke requirements for attaining a given tritium breeding ratio per D-D neutron 15 8 Effect of 3 He-to-PCA volume ratio on the energy multiplication of D-T (e,j_ T) and D-D [ejy_ D ] neutrons for PCA:H 2 O: 3 He blankets 19 9 Effect of tritium breeding ratio on the energy multiplication (e) attainable from PCA:H 2 O: 3 He blankets 21 Effect of the fraction of 3 He escaping fusion (a) on the deuteron density (n D), major radius (R) and maximal magnetic field strength (] of TBR-0.4 tokamaks. .« 31 Effect of the fraction of 3 He escaping fusion (a) on the D-T neutron first wall loading (Tp-x) and fusion power density of TBR-0.4 tokamaks 31 Effect of the fraction of 3 He escaping fusion (a) on the total capital cost (TCC) and cost of electricity (COE) of TBR-0.4 tokamaks 32 13 Selected characteristics of TCD tokaoaks, including major radius (R); maximal magnetic field for B-10Z (B max); fraction of 3 He escaping fusion (a); tritium breeding ratio (TBR); cost of electricity (COE); deuterons density (n D); confinement parameter (n-r); D-T neutrons first wall loading 3r D _ T); ratio of D-T to D-D neutrons (D-T/D-Dn); and average electron temperature (T e)» 3 He recycling coefficient R 3-0.99 32

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“…In reality, at large scale -5000 to 6000 MW thermal -other systems may turn out to be superior. The design of the plant and the general approach is consistent with the Wildcat study [5], calculations by Houlberg and Attenberger [6], and recent calculations by Paul Rutherford [7]. A preliminary calculation suggests that it should be possible to extract 70% or more of the tritium using radio-frequency waves at ≤ 15% of the electrical output.…”

Section: Energy Spectrum Of Produced Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Bcoil = 14 T, B = 7.31 T, the separation from the toroidal coil to the plasma on the inside is 1.03 m. I = 84. 5 Note that Ti > Ti for r/a < 0.7. In the central region it is assumed that 30% of the fast ion power went to the ions and 70% to the electrons.…”

Section: Energy Spectrum Of Produced Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference scenario for an advanced deuterium power plant system

Sheffield

Batchelor

Zinkle

et al.

Proceedings of the 19th IEEE/IPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering. 19th SOFE (Cat. No.02CH37231)

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Abstract--The proposal is to make large deuterium (D-D) magnetic fusion power plants in which some (most) of the tritium produced by fusion is removed and stored. This tritium will ultimately decay to helium-3 that will be recycled to supplement the helium-3 produced by fusion. Thus the dominant fusion becomes that of deuterium and helium-3. The level of neutron damage is reduced very substantially from that for a D-T power plant.

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WILDCAT: a catalyzed D-D tokamak reactor

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Pharmacological differentiation of responses to dopamine, octopamine and noradrenaline recorded from a cockroach motoneurone

Pharmacological differentiation of responses to dopamine, octopamine and noradrenaline recorded from a cockroach motoneurone

Tritium catalyzed deuterium tokamaks

Reference scenario for an advanced deuterium power plant system

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