Wild ungulate density data generated by camera trapping in 37 European areas: first output of the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW)

Abstract

The European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW) as part of the ENETWILD project, aims to improve the European capacity for monitoring wildlife populations, implementing international standards for data collection, providing guidance on wildlife density estimation, and finally, to promote collaborative, open data networks to develop wildlife monitoring, initially focusing on terrestrial wild mammals. This report presents density estimates for species that are widely distributed (wild boar (Sus scrofa), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus)) by following a standardised camera trapping (CT) protocol, in 48 areas from 28 different countries in Europe, during 2022. Density values are provided for 37 areas from 20 countries, while an additional 9 locations from 8 countries are currently completing the data analysis. The EOW involved different stakeholders over most European countries, which resulted for the first time in a number of reliable (known precision) wild ungulate density estimates, from areas representing different European bioregions. These estimates are the result of a collaborative effort from the network to apply practical systematic and rigorous protocols. The results presented from the first pilot campaign of the EOW cannot be used to accurately describe wildlife population gradients and trends at European level but can be used as first baseline data for future trend analyses. Our 1 www.enetwild.com www.efsa.europa.eu/publications 2 EFSA Supporting publication 2023:EN-7892The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. This task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.results show data gaps, but also provide relevant insights into some of the main drivers of demographic evolution of wild ungulate populations in Europe. We will expand and improve the EOW in the future to include more representative sites. The Agouti app, including photogrammetry methods to estimate CT detection zone size and animal speed of movement using a computer vision process proved useful to reduce the workload and to improve objectivity of measurements for REM method. We discuss the results obtained by the 2022 campaign in relation to the specific objectives of the EOW and propose the next steps.

When and where? Day-night alterations in wild boar space use captured by a generalized additive mixed model

“…The forested area in Meerdaal is surrounded by a rich mosaic of croplands, with crops growing predominantly during April–September. In the context of an European observatory of wildlife project by ENETWILD, wild boar density in and around Meerdaal has been estimated at 7.88 ± 3.50 individuals/km 2 using a random encounter model ( Guerrasio et al, 2023 ; Rowcliffe et al, 2008 ). Hunting in Meerdaal, except for drive hunts, is restricted to fixed locations ( i.e., elevated hunting posts), and can only take place between 19:00 and 9:00 during Daylight Saving Time, and between 16:00 and 10:00 during Winter Time.…”