Wild Triatoma infestans, a potential threat that needs to be monitored

Noireau, François

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000900010

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…T. infestans was found in Putaendo inhabiting rock-piles (rupicolous), differing from our previous report in the metropolitan region, where they inhabited terrestrial bromeliads (Bacigalupo et al 2006). This finding is consistent with other studies showing the remarkable behavioral plasticity of T. infestans, unlike other triatomine species, which show a marked preference for a particular type of habitat (Noireau et al 2005, Noireau 2009). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Another e�planation for the presence of T. infestans in central Chile is passive transport from Argentina, a country that has already proven the e�is-tence of wild foci of this species (Mazza & Schreiber 1938, Mazza 1943, Ceballos et al 2009), as previously suggested by wing morphometric analysis (Cristi 2001). The notion of sylvatic sites should be interpreted as geo- graphically restricted records, such as those registered in our study, which probably represent point occurrence data from more widespread populations (Noireau 2009). T. infestans was found in Putaendo inhabiting rock-piles (rupicolous), differing from our previous report in the metropolitan region, where they inhabited terrestrial bromeliads (Bacigalupo et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These wild populations could also be derivatives of domestic insects recolonizing wild habitats (Noireau 2009). Another e�planation for the presence of T. infestans in central Chile is passive transport from Argentina, a country that has already proven the e�is-tence of wild foci of this species (Mazza & Schreiber 1938, Mazza 1943, Ceballos et al 2009), as previously suggested by wing morphometric analysis (Cristi 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) was historically considered an e�clusively do-) was historically considered an e�clusively domestic insect, but it has now been reported in sylvan environments (Noireau et al 2005, Noireau 2009). The first sylvatic population of T. infestans was reported in Cochabamba, Bolivia, inhabiting rock piles associated with wild guinea pigs (Torrico 1946).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sylvatic foci of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in Chile: description of a new focus and challenges for control programs

Bacigalupo¹,

Torres-Pérez

Segovia³

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine insect vectors, affects about 10 million people worldwide (Schmunis 2000) and is the third most important global parasitic disease after malaria and schistosomiasis (World Bank 1993). Because of effective vector control campaigns, the number of acute cases has decreased markedly and has been reduced to nearly zero in previously highly endemic areas of Uruguay, Chile and Brazil (Schofield et al. 2006).The Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) was historically considered an e�clusively do-) was historically considered an e�clusively domestic insect, but it has now been reported in sylvan environments (Noireau et al. 2005, Noireau 2009). The first sylvatic population of T. infestans was reported in Cochabamba, Bolivia, inhabiting rock piles associated with wild guinea pigs (Torrico 1946). Other reports have shown T. infestans in Argentina (Mazza & Schreiber 1938, Mazza 1943, Ceballos et al. 2009), Paraguay (Velasquez & González 1959 and Brazil (Barretto et al. 1963) under rocks or trunks of fallen trees, in hollow trees, under bark, in shelters or burrows of marsupials and rodents and in bird nests occupied by owls, parrots or small rodents (Noireau et al. 1997). Wild T. infestans has been found in an e�tended geographical region throughout Chaco and three Andean departments of Bolivia: Cochabamba, La Paz and Potosí (Noireau et al. 1999, Cortez et al. 2007. T. infestans was considered to be eradicable due to its strictly domestic behavior and its non-autochthonous status outside of its apparent centre of origin in the Andean valleys of Bolivia. This theory has been challenged by empirical evidence of wild individuals collected by vector control programs and researchers over several decades (Gürtler 2009). Sylvatic triatomines may occasionally invade human residences, acting as founders of new colonies (Fitzpatrick et al. 2008). Hence, it is necessary to study the ecology and behavior of their populations to understand the domiciliation process and generate new strategies for their control (Beard et al. 2002, Guhl et al. 2009, Moncayo & Silveira 2009).In Chile, parasite transmission from vectors to humans occurs mainly in rural and suburban areas encompassing the northern desert and semiarid and Mediterranean environments, between latitudes 18°30'S and 34°36'S. The triatomine insects T. infestans, Mepraia spinolai (Porter 1934) and Mepraia gajardoi are the vector species that have been reported in that area (Spinola 1852, Neghme 1982, Lent et al. 1994, Frias et al. 1998.In 1991, several countries of South America, including Chile, established the Southern Cone Initiative for control of Chagas disease (INCOSUR-Chagas), which provided united strategy, control actions and an information system used to evaluate local control programs (Silveira 2002). The specific aims of the initiative were the following: (i) the elimination of T. infestans from dwellings and their surroundings in endemic areas, (ii) the reduction an...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sylvatic foci of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in Chile: description of a new focus and challenges for control programs

Bacigalupo¹,

Torres-Pérez

Segovia³

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…2012), where their potential for domestic re‐invasion threatens the success of the National Control Programme (Noireau et al . 2005; Noireau 2009). Sylvatic TcI transmission also extends northwards to sparsely populated Amazonian Beni, where disease ecology is poorly described (Matias et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal

et al. 2015

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An improved understanding of how a parasite species exploits its genetic repertoire to colonize novel hosts and environmental niches is crucial to establish the epidemiological risk associated with emergent pathogenic genotypes. Trypanosoma cruzi, a genetically heterogeneous, multi‐host zoonosis, provides an ideal system to examine the sylvatic diversification of parasitic protozoa. In Bolivia, T. cruzi I, the oldest and most widespread genetic lineage, is pervasive across a range of ecological clines. High‐resolution nuclear (26 loci) and mitochondrial (10 loci) genotyping of 199 contemporaneous sylvatic TcI clones was undertaken to provide insights into the biogeographical basis of T. cruzi evolution. Three distinct sylvatic parasite transmission cycles were identified: one highland population among terrestrial rodent and triatomine species, composed of genetically homogenous strains (A r = 2.95; PA/L = 0.61; DAS = 0.151), and two highly diverse, parasite assemblages circulating among predominantly arboreal mammals and vectors in the lowlands (A r = 3.40 and 3.93; PA/L = 1.12 and 0.60; DAS = 0.425 and 0.311, respectively). Very limited gene flow between neighbouring terrestrial highland and arboreal lowland areas (distance ~220 km; FST = 0.42 and 0.35) but strong connectivity between ecologically similar but geographically disparate terrestrial highland ecotopes (distance >465 km; FST = 0.016–0.084) strongly supports ecological host fitting as the predominant mechanism of parasite diversification. Dissimilar heterozygosity estimates (excess in highlands, deficit in lowlands) and mitochondrial introgression among lowland strains may indicate fundamental differences in mating strategies between populations. Finally, accelerated parasite dissemination between densely populated, highland areas, compared to uninhabited lowland foci, likely reflects passive, long‐range anthroponotic dispersal. The impact of humans on the risk of epizootic Chagas disease transmission in Bolivia is discussed.

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