Wild Soybean Oxalyl-CoA Synthetase Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Tolerance to Cadmium and Aluminum Stresses

Abstract

Acyl activating enzyme 3 (AAE3) was identified as being involved in the acetylation pathway of oxalate degradation, which regulates the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in various higher plants. Here, we investigated the role of Glycine sojaAAE3 (GsAAE3) in Cadmium (Cd) and Aluminum (Al) tolerances. The recombinant GsAAE3 protein showed high activity toward oxalate, with a Km of 105.10 ± 12.30 μM and Vmax of 12.64 ± 0.34 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein, suggesting that it functions as an oxalyl–CoA synthetase. The expression of a GsAAE3–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in tobacco leaves did not reveal a specific subcellular localization pattern of GsAAE3. An analysis of the GsAAE3 expression pattern revealed an increase in GsAAE3 expression in response to Cd and Al stresses, and it is mainly expressed in root tips. Furthermore, oxalate accumulation induced by Cd and Al contributes to the inhibition of root growth in wild soybean. Importantly, GsAAE3 overexpression increases Cd and Al tolerances in A. thaliana and soybean hairy roots, which is associated with a decrease in oxalate accumulation. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the GsAAE3-encoded protein plays an important role in coping with Cd and Al stresses.

Regulation of Oxalate Metabolism in Spinach Revealed by RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptomic Analysis

“…The acetylation pathway is mediated by four enzymes: oxalyl-CoA synthase, oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase, formyl-CoA hydrolase, and formate dehydrogenase. The first enzyme in this pathway—acyl-activating enzyme 3 ( AAE3 )—involved in oxalate acetylation, has been characterized in Arabidopsis [ 79 ] and other plants [ 82 , 89 ]. Consistent with previous studies [ 31 ], our qPCR analysis also showed a significant upregulation ( p -value < 0.05) of spinach AAE3 (Spo04424) in PI 175311 leaf and root tissues ( Figure 7 ), and a trend for upregulation in the RNA-Seq data (q-value = 0.07) ( Table S2 ).…”

Expression of cyanobacterial genes enhanced CO2 assimilation and biomass production in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

“…However, this notion gives an indication that ODC expressing plants can be further evaluated for their potential to reduce the impact of other abiotic stresses as well. It has already been reported that the degradation of oxalate results in an improved stress tolerance specifically against fungal diseases and heavy metal stress ( Donaldson et al, 2001 ; Wan et al, 2009 ; Xian et al, 2020 ). Ghosh et al (2016) has also reported that oxalate reduces the oxidative burst during stress and regulates the defense mechanisms involved.…”

Combined Effects of Inoculating Serendipita Indica on Soybean Growth and Soil Health Under Cd Stress

“…Furthermore, oxalate accumulation induced by Cd contributes to the inhibition of root growth in soybean. Overexpression of wild soybean Oxalyl-CoA synthetase can reduce oxalate accumulation and increase Cd tolerance of hairy soybean roots (Xian et al 2020). Therefore, we hope that Cd can be xed in the soil and not easily absorbed by plants.…”

“…), as the main crop in Asian countries, plays a crucial role in providing proteins because it can x nitrogen by endosymbiotic nodule bacteria and improve soil fertility. However, Cd seriously affects the growth of soybean and potentially leads to severe impacts on public health (Xian et al 2020;Zhi et al 2020). Furthermore, oxalate accumulation induced by Cd contributes to the inhibition of root growth in soybean.…”