Wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ) response to field pea ( Pisum sativum ) cultivar and seeding rate

. An updated review of biological information is provided for Sinapis arvensis L. Native to the Old World, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. The species occurs in all the provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon. It is an important weed of field crops in the Canadian prairies. A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Several cases of herbicide resistance have been documented for natural populations of S. arvensis in Canada, including biotypes resistant to: i) Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), from Manitoba in 1992 and Alberta in 1993; ii) Group 4 herbicides or synthetic auxins from Manitoba in 1991; and iii) Group 5 herbicides, which inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II, from Ontario in 1983. The species is a close relative of Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, black mustard, and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the Brassica crop species under laboratory hybridization conditions either by conventional crossing or with the aid of ovary/embryo recovery techniques.

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 98%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

“…Most conventional seeding rate studies are performed in weedfree conditions. One exception was a pea seeding rate study by Wall and Townley-Smith (1996) where wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) was seeded with the crop. Weed emergence 10 d prior to crop emergence corresponded to an increase in the slope of the curve that described the yield-density response as compared to weed emergence 2 d prior to crop emergence.…”

Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field pea is known to be poorly competitive with weeds (Wall et al 1991;Wall and Townley-Smith 1996;Harker 2001). Yield losses due to weed interference can be as high as 80% (Boerboom and Young 1995;Grevsen 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal seeding rate for organic production of field pea in the northern Great Plains

Baird¹,

Walley²,

Shirtliffe³

2009

. 2009. Optimal seeding rate for organic production of field pea in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 455Á464. Seeding rates have not been established for organic production of field pea in the northern Great Plains and producers must rely upon a recommended target stand of 88 plants m Á2 for conventional production of this crop. This seeding rate may not be suitable as the two systems differ in the use of inputs and in pest management. The objective of this study was to determine an optimal seeding rate for organic production of field pea considering a number of agronomic factors and profitability. Field sites were established using a randomized complete block design with increasing seeding rates, summerfallow and green manure treatments. Seed yield increased up to 1725 kg ha Á1 with increasing seeding rate. Weed biomass decreased with increasing seeding rate by up to 68%. Post-harvest soil phosphorus levels and soil water storage did not change consistently between treatments. Post-harvest soil inorganic nitrogen (N), however, was higher for the summerfallow and green manure treatments than for the seeding rate treatments. Field pea reached a maximum economic return at a seeding rate of 200 seeds m Á2 and an actual plant density of 120 plants m Á2. Organic farmers should increase the seeding rate of field pea to increase returns and provide better weed suppression.Key words: Pea (field), organic, seeding rate, weed suppression, profit, soil N Baird, J. M., Walley, F. L. et Shirtliffe, S. J. 2009. Densite´de semis optimale pour la culture biologique du pois dans le nord des grandes plaines. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 455Á464. On n'a pas e´tabli de densite´de semis pour la culture biologique du pois dans le nord des grandes plaines, si bien que les agriculteurs doivent se fier a`celle de 88 plants par m 2 recommande´e pour cette culture, produite de la fac¸on usuelle. Pareille densite´pourrait ne´anmoins ne pas convenir a`la culture biologique, la quantite´d'intrants et d'antiparasitaires employe´e e´tant diffe´rente. La pre´sente e´tude devait e´tablir la densite´de semis optimale pour la culture biologique du pois selon divers parame`tres agronomiques et la rentabilite´. À cette fin, les auteurs ont ame´nage´des sites sur le terrain en blocs ale´atoires complets avec densite´de semis croissante, jache`re d'e´te´et engrais vert. Le rendement grainier augmente jusqu'a`1 725 kg par hectare avec la hausse de la densite´de semis. La biomasse des mauvaises herbes diminue de jusqu'a`68 % quand on accroıˆt la densite´de semis. La concentration de phosphore dans le sol apre`s la re´colte et les re´serves d'eau du sol ne varient pas uniforme´ment d'un traitement a`l'autre. La concentration d'azote inorganique dans le sol apre`s la re´colte est toutefois plus e´leve´e avec la jache`re d'e´te´et l'engrais vert qu'avec une modification de la densite´de semis. Le rendement e´conomique de la culture du pois atteint un plafond a`la densite´de 200 graines par m 2 et un peuplement de 120 plants par m 2 . Les product...

“…Le pois sec n'est pas une culture très compétitive envers les mauvaises herbes. Des densités de peuplement élevées ont donc permis à la culture d'être plus compétitive et de réduire la biomasse des mauvaises herbes (TownleySmith et Wright 1994;Wall et Townley-Smith 1996). Au Canada, les densités de peuplement recommandées pour la culture du pois sec varient selon les provinces.…”

unclassified

Influence de la densité de semis sur la productivité du pois sec cultivé sous un climat frais

Pageau¹,

Lajeunesse²,

Lafond³

2007

Pea production is important in Canada, but this pulse is rarely sown as a pure stand in Quebec. A study was conducted from 1997 to 1999 to evaluate the effect of four seeding rates (50, 75, 100 and 150 grains m -2 ) on the productivity of two semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars (Delta and Carneval) and two normal leaf cultivars (Bohatyr and Grande) under a cool climate. Generally, when the seeding rate increased from 50 to 150 grains m -2 , maturity was reached earlier, lodging increased but 1000-grains weight and protein content decreased. Maximum grain yields were obtained with 138 grains m -2 in 1997 and with 139 grains m -2 in 1998. In 1999, seeding rate had no significant effect on grain yields of the two normal leaf cultivars Bohatyr and Grande. However, linear effect of seeding rate was significant for the semi-leafless cultivars Carneval and Delta. Those results indicate that the semi-leafless cultivars benefit more from an increase in seeding rate compared with normal leaf cultivars. Moreover, semi-leafless cultivars are less susceptible to lodging. A seeding rate of 100 grains m -2 would allow higher grain yields without increasing lodging that appears with high seeding rates.