Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication

Avni, Raz; Nave, Moran; Barad, Omer; Baruch, Kobi; Twardziok, Sven; Gundlach, Heidrun; Hale, Iago; Mascher, Martin; Spannagl, Manuel; Wiebe, Krystalee; Jordan, Katherine; Golan, Guy; Deek, Jasline; Ben-Zvi, Batsheva; Ben-Zvi, Gil; Himmelbach, Axel; MacLachlan, Ron; Sharpe, Andrew; Fritz, Allan K.; Ben‐David, Roi; Budak, Hikmet; Fahima, Tzion; Korol, Abraham B.; Faris, Justin D.; Hernandez, Alvaro G.; Mikel, Mark A.; Levy, Avraham A.; Steffenson, Brian J.; Maccaferri, Marco; Tuberosa, Roberto; Cattivelli, Luigi; Faccioli, Primetta; Ceriotti, Aldo; Kashkush, Khalil; Pourkheirandish, Mohammad; Komatsuda, Takao; Eilam, Tamar; Sela, Hanan; Sharon, Amir; Ohad, Nir; Chamovitz, Daniel; Mayer, Klaus; Stein, Nils; Ronen, Gil; Peleg, Zvi; Pozniak, Curtis; Akhunov, Eduard; Distelfeld, Assaf

doi:10.1126/science.aan0032

Cited by 714 publications

(769 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Recent genetic studies have shown the potential for these wild species to provide useful genetic variation for grain weight that could possibly have been excluded from the gene pool during domestication (Golan et al ; Arora et al ; Avni et al ). The genome sequences and other genomic resources now available for many of these progenitor species and landraces will aid the identification of these novel genes and alleles (Avni et al ; Luo et al ; Wingen et al ).…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Brinton

Uauy

2019

JIPB

132

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Grain yield is a highly polygenic trait that is influenced by the environment and integrates events throughout the life cycle of a plant. In wheat, the major grain yield components often present compensatory effects among them, which alongside the polyploid nature of wheat, makes their genetic and physiological study challenging. We propose a reductionist and systematic approach as an initial step to understand the gene networks regulating each individual yield component. Here, we focus on grain weight and discuss the importance of examining individual sub‐components, not only to help in their genetic dissection, but also to inform our mechanistic understanding of how they interrelate. This knowledge should allow the development of novel combinations, across homoeologs and between complementary modes of action, thereby advancing towards a more integrated strategy for yield improvement. We argue that this will break barriers in terms of phenotypic variation, enhance our understanding of the physiology of yield, and potentially deliver improved on‐farm yield.

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Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Brinton

Uauy

2019

JIPB

132

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“…Btr1/Btr2, identified by their role in domestication of barley and wheat (Pourkheirandish et al, 2015;Avni et al, 2017), encode proteins with unknown functions. IND orthologues are confined to the Brassicaceae, indicating neofunctionalisation of IND in AZ development of that family (Pab on-Mora et al, 2014).…”

Section: Divergent Gene Co-expression Network In a Conserved Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses

Doust

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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Summary Abscission is a process in which plants shed their parts, and is mediated by a particular set of cells, the abscission zone (AZ). In grasses (Poaceae), the position of the AZ differs among species, raising the question of whether its anatomical structure and genetic control are conserved. The ancestral position of the AZ was reconstructed. A combination of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, RNA‐Seq analyses and RNA in situ hybridisation were used to compare three species, two (weedy rice and Brachypodium distachyon) with the AZ in the ancestral position and one (Setaria viridis) with the AZ in a derived position below a cluster of flowers (spikelet). Rice and Brachypodium are more similar anatomically than Setaria. However, the cell wall properties and the transcriptome of rice and Brachypodium are no more similar to each other than either is to Setaria. The set of genes expressed in the studied tissues is generally conserved across species, but the precise developmental and positional patterns of expression and gene networks are almost entirely different. Transcriptional regulation of AZ development appears to be extensively rewired among the three species, leading to distinct anatomical and morphological outcomes.

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“…Multiple different wheat and wheat relative genome sequences have been published, including the genomes of the wild progenitors of hexaploid bread wheat: T. urartu (Ling et al ; Ling et al ), Aegilops tauschii (Jia et al ; Luo et al ; Zhao et al ; Zimin et al ) and T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Avni et al ). The release of the emmer genome assembly is of great importance because it highlights the relative ease of sequencing wild relatives in the Triticeae and, due to high collinearity, future genome assemblies will benefit from pre‐existing references.…”

Section: Genomic Resources and Reference Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In barley, there are two closely linked non‐brittle rachis genes, Btr1 and Btr2 , which have been cloned in the homoeologous region on chromosome 3H, although they only appear to be related to each other functionally and not structurally (Pourkheirandish et al ). None of the Br genes have been cloned in wheat, although Avni et al () have provided evidence, at the DNA sequence level, that the Br genes are responsible for the non‐shattering phenotype in wheat through loss‐of‐function variants in the Btr homologs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication and crop evolution of wheat and barley: Genes, genomics, and future directions

Haas

Schreiber

Mascher

2019

JIPB

Self Cite

110

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Wheat and barley are two of the founder crops of the agricultural revolution that took place 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and both crops remain among the world's most important crops. Domestication of these crops from their wild ancestors required the evolution of traits useful to humans, rather than survival in their natural environment. Of these traits, grain retention and threshability, yield improvement, changes to photoperiod sensitivity and nutritional value are most pronounced between wild and domesticated forms. Knowledge about the geographical origins of these crops and the genes responsible for domestication traits largely pre‐dates the era of next‐generation sequencing, although sequencing will lead to new insights. Molecular markers were initially used to calculate distance (relatedness), genetic diversity and to generate genetic maps which were useful in cloning major domestication genes. Both crops are characterized by large, complex genomes which were long thought to be beyond the scope of whole‐genome sequencing. However, advances in sequencing technologies have improved the state of genomic resources for both wheat and barley. The availability of reference genomes for wheat and some of its progenitors, as well as for barley, sets the stage for answering unresolved questions in domestication genomics of wheat and barley.

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Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication

Cited by 714 publications

References 56 publications

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses

Domestication and crop evolution of wheat and barley: Genes, genomics, and future directions

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