Wild bird trade at live poultry markets potentiates risks of avian influenza virus introduction in Iran

Modirihamedan, Amir; Aghajantabar, Shabnam; King, Jacqueline; Graaf, Annika; Pohlmann, Anne; Aghaiyan, Leila; Kafi, Zahra Ziafati; Mahfoozi, Yeganeh; Hosseini, Hossein; Beer, Martin; Ghalyanchilangeroudi, Arash; Harder, Timm

doi:10.1080/20008686.2021.1992083

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Affected countries in the eastern side, like Iraq, Syria, and Iran, encountered significant obstacles in achieving herd immunity for avian influenza due to factors like limited healthcare access, Limited data, insufficient resources for early disease detection and containment efforts, along with the already-occurring political and governmental issues. [135][136][137][138][139] Iraq is considered a critical point for bird migration, establishing it as an easy pandemic where a controlled vaccination was needed. 140 From the southwestern part of the Middle East, Egypt had a high effect on spreading the virus across the region due to their dense concentration of birds and live poultry in markets, which are a continuous resource of the virus and would have a potential risk of promoting new strains of the virus to evolve.…”

Section: Biosafety Biosecurity Measures To Control and Counter Back A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccinating human populations is of equal importance to animal vaccination. Affected countries in the eastern side, like Iraq, Syria, and Iran, encountered significant obstacles in achieving herd immunity for avian influenza due to factors like limited healthcare access, Limited data, insufficient resources for early disease detection and containment efforts, along with the already‐occurring political and governmental issues 135–139 . Iraq is considered a critical point for bird migration, establishing it as an easy pandemic where a controlled vaccination was needed 140 .…”

Section: Biosafety Biosecurity Measures To Control and Counter Back A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

AL‐Eitan,

Khair,

Shakhatreh

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The World Organization for Animal Health defines Avian Influenza Virus as a highly infectious disease caused by diverse subtypes that continue to evolve rapidly, impacting poultry species, pet birds, wild birds, non‐human mammals, and occasionally humans. The effects of Avian influenza viruses have been recognised as a precursor for serious health concerns among affected birds, poultry, and human populations in the Middle East. Furthermore, low and high pathogenic avian influenza viruses lead to respiratory illness with varying severity, depending on the virus subtype (e.g., H5, H7, H9, etc.). Possible future outbreaks and endemics of newly emerging subtypes are expected to occur, as many studies have reported the emergence of novel mutations and viral subtypes. However, proper surveillance programs and biosecurity applications should be developed, and countries with incapacitated defences against such outbreaks should be encouraged to undergo complete reinstation and reinforcement in their health and research sectors. Public education regarding biosafety and virus prevention is necessary to ensure minimal spread of avian influenza endemic.

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Section: Biosafety Biosecurity Measures To Control and Counter Back A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biosafety Biosecurity Measures To Control and Counter Back A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

AL‐Eitan,

Khair,

Shakhatreh

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wild birds serve as the natural reservoir hosts of AIVs, and technically, all AIV subtypes can be isolated from them. Due to their migration habits, wild birds have the capacity to carry AIVs over wide geographic distances [ 2 ]. From natural hosts, whole viruses or partial gene segments of wild bird-origin AIVs occasionally jump to new hosts, including domestic poultry and mammals, and may further form new lineage circulated in new hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Events Promoted Polymerase Activity of H13N8 Avian Influenza Virus

Meng,

Wang,

Leng

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Wild birds are considered to be the natural reservoir hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Wild bird-origin AIVs may spill over into new hosts and overcome species barriers after evolutionary adaptation. H13N8 AIVs used to be considered primarily circulated in multispecies gulls but have recently been shown to possess cross-species infectivity. In this study, we analyzed the genetic changes that occurred in the process of the evolution of H13 AIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H13 AIVs underwent complex reassortment events. Based on the full genomic diversity, we divided H13 AIVs into 81 genotypes. Reassortment experiments indicated that basic polymerase 2 (PB2) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes of the H9N2 AIV significantly enhanced the polymerase activity of the H13N8 AIV. Using the replication-incompetent virus screening system, we identified two mutations, PB2-I76T and PB2-I559T, which could enhance the polymerase activity of the H13N8 AIV in mammalian cells. Notably, these mutations had been acquired by circulating H13N8 AIVs in 2015. These findings suggest that H13N8 AIVs are about to cross the host barrier. Occasional genetic reassortments with other AIVs and natural mutation events could promote this process. It is imperative to intensify monitoring efforts for H13N8 AIVs.

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Wild bird trade at live poultry markets potentiates risks of avian influenza virus introduction in Iran

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

Evolutionary Events Promoted Polymerase Activity of H13N8 Avian Influenza Virus

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