Wild and hatchery reproduction of pink and chum salmon and their catches in the Sakhalin-Kuril region, Russia

Kaev, A. M.

doi:10.1007/s10641-011-9900-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In regions with smaller hatchery programs -KOD and SEAKour models suggest a negligible contribution of hatcheries to increased catches. Thus, overall our results are consistent with previous studies that find enhancement effects of salmon hatcheries to be relatively minor (Morita et al 2006;Scheuerell et al 2015) and context-dependent (Kaev 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Ohnuki et al (2015) used tagging data to confirm the minor contribution hatchery-origin fish to commercial pink salmon catches in Japan and suggest that the costs of hatchery production likely outweigh the benefits. Kaev (2012) examined the population dynamics of chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon in the Sakhalin-Kuril region of Russia and found evidence of an enhancement effect in hatchery-supplemented chum populations, but not in pink salmon populations. Sahashi et al (2015) found that hatchery stocking of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in the Shari River tended to displace rather than supplement natural production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring the net biological impact of fisheries enhancement: pink salmon hatcheries can increase yield, but with apparent costs to wild populations

Amoroso

Tillotson

Hilborn

2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hatchery production of juvenile fish for release into the wild has been practiced for well over a century in an effort to increase the number of salmon available to harvest. In this study, we evaluate the net impact of the largest such program in North America, the hatchery program for pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. At the same time the hatchery program was increasing in output, there was a major change in productivity in the North Pacific so that throughout Alaska pink salmon increased dramatically in abundance between the 1970s and the 2000s. Using other regions of Alaska as reference sites, we estimate that the PWS hatchery program has increased the total catch by an average of 17 million fish, of which 8 million have been allocated to pay hatchery operating expenses. We estimate that the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of wild spawning fish in PWS has increased slightly (28%), while in regions of Alaska without pink salmon hatchery programs the MSY has tripled. Our results support the use of a precautionary approach to future large-scale stock enhancement efforts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the net biological impact of fisheries enhancement: pink salmon hatcheries can increase yield, but with apparent costs to wild populations

Amoroso

Tillotson

Hilborn

2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recommendation has been made to increase Russian hatchery production of chum salmon (94), which currently is negligible. In the northeastern North Pacific, hatchery production of pink salmon in Prince William Sound began in the mid-1970s and has grown to annual runs as high as nearly 70 × 10 6 fish (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, pink salmon, and the nexus between bottom-up and top-down forcing in the subarctic Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea

Springer

Vliet²

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change in the last century was associated with spectacular growth of many wild Pacific salmon stocks in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, apparently through bottom-up forcing linking meteorology to ocean physics, water temperature, and plankton production. One species in particular, pink salmon, became so numerous by the 1990s that they began to dominate other species of salmon for prey resources and to exert top-down control in the open ocean ecosystem. Information from long-term monitoring of seabirds in the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea reveals that the sphere of influence of pink salmon is much larger than previously known. Seabirds, pink salmon, other species of salmon, and by extension other higher-order predators, are tightly linked ecologically and must be included in international management and conservation policies for sustaining all species that compete for common, finite resource pools. These data further emphasize that the unique 2-y cycle in abundance of pink salmon drives interannual shifts between two alternate states of a complex marine ecosystem.ocean ecology | exploitative competition | consumer front | interaction strength | carrying capacity P redator control of community structure and ecosystem function became a tenet of intertidal and nearshore marine ecology following early studies of Paine and others (1-3), yet with few exceptions (4, 5), until more recent times the idea has been less well appreciated for open oceans. Growing attention now is being paid to the overexploitation of pelagic species, particularly those at higher trophic levels currently and in the past, and effects on ocean ecosystems of the loss, or development, of top-down forcing (6-12).The prevailing view has long held that most biological change in ocean ecosystems, apart from human exploitation, is driven from the bottom up (13-16). One striking example that has been linked to bottom-up processes driven by climate change is the burgeoning abundance of wild Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and in particular pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea (SNPO/BS). Underpinning the notion initially were studies that found (i) strong coherence between decadal patterns in the Aleutian Low pressure system, which exerts a large influence over climate in the North Pacific Ocean, and patterns in salmon production across a broad region of the SNPO/BS (17, 18); (ii) decadal patterns in primary production that could be explained by the effect of the Aleutian Low pressure system on basin scale wind fields (19); and (iii) decadal patterns in zooplankton, squid, and pelagic fish production that also were correlated with meteorological forcing over the North Pacific Ocean and consistent with patterns in primary production (20). Thus, the general explanation for waxing and waning abundances of salmon over the record in the 20th century was that physical forcing by shifts in the strength and position of the Aleutian Low altered winds, ocean temperatures, and primary and sec...

show abstract

“…Kaeriyama et al (2009) concluded that carrying capacities for Pacific salmon declined after the mid-1990s. Yet continued increases in hatchery salmon releases in Asia after 1991, as well as improved survival for many hatchery fish resulting from the release of larger or better-adapted young salmon (Dushkina 1994;Morita et al 2006;Kaev and Ignatiev 2007), resulted in increasing salmon biomass. Proportions of hatchery-origin fish in the North Pacific have been increasing since 1990 and constitute 50-62% of the total Chum Salmon, 10-13% of the Pink Salmon, and 4-10% of the Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean (Ruggerone et al 2010;Kaeriyama et al 2012).…”

Section: Irvine and Akenheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Smolt Survival Trends in Sockeye Salmon

Irvine

Akenhead

2013

Mar Coast Fish

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many populations of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the eastern North Pacific Ocean experienced significant productivity declines that began about 1990, but there is no consensus on the mechanisms responsible. To better understand Sockeye Salmon survival trends, we examined the 50-year time series for two age-classes of Sockeye Salmon smolts from Chilko Lake in central British Columbia. Arranging survival time series for both age-classes by ocean entry year and combining them, weighted by a proxy model of sampling variance, reduced the sampling variance in the original age-1 smolt survivals sufficiently to indicate a linear trend of increasing survival from 1960 to 1990 that suddenly changed at or near 1991 to a lower and declining trend from 1992 to 2008. Neither density nor mean length influenced smolt survival. Returns in a given year were not good predictors of siblings returning in subsequent years. Time spent at sea increased linearly beginning around 1970. Although smolt survivals differed between ecosystem regimes, there was only the one clear pattern break about 1991. To improve our understanding of mechanisms, survival trends were compared with environmental indices that included catches and hatchery releases of potentially competing salmon from around the North Pacific Ocean. Smolt survivals were more similar to abundance indices of Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha than to indices of global, regional, or local ocean climate. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that salmon productivity in the North Pacific declined soon after 1990. We present a simple model to illustrate how increased competition at sea, related to the release of large numbers of hatchery salmon, in conjunction with changes in ocean productivity, may have played a significant role in improving Sockeye Salmon survivals while reducing their growth before 1991. After 1991, these factors may have acted to reduce survivals while the growth of survivors showed no effect.Anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. comprise a multispecies complex of varying productivities. Their recent abundance in the Pacific Ocean, as reflected by commercial catch, is as high as it has ever been (Irvine and Fukuwaka 2011). Global abundances are driven primarily by Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta, as well as, particularly in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, by Sockeye Salmon O. nerka (Eggers 2009;Ruggerone et al. 2010;Irvine and Fukuwaka 2011). The status of Sockeye Salmon populations varies among regions however, and in British Columbia's Fraser River, low Subject editor: Suam Kim, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea *Corresponding author: james.irvine@dfo-mpo.gc.ca Received February 8, 2013; accepted July 24, 2013 numbers of returning salmon in recent years are a major concern (Grant et al. 2011;Rand et al. 2012).The Fraser River watershed is one of the world's greatest salmon producers (Northcote and Larkin 1989), although numbers returning annually are highly variable...

show abstract

Wild and hatchery reproduction of pink and chum salmon and their catches in the Sakhalin-Kuril region, Russia

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Measuring the net biological impact of fisheries enhancement: pink salmon hatcheries can increase yield, but with apparent costs to wild populations

Measuring the net biological impact of fisheries enhancement: pink salmon hatcheries can increase yield, but with apparent costs to wild populations

Climate change, pink salmon, and the nexus between bottom-up and top-down forcing in the subarctic Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea

Understanding Smolt Survival Trends in Sockeye Salmon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About