Wiggle-match radiocarbon dating of the Taupo eruption

Hogg, Alan G.; Wilson, C. J. N.; Lowe, David J.; Turney, Chris; White, Paul; Lorrey, Andrew; Manning, Sturt W.; Palmer, Jonathan; Bury, Sarah J.; Brown, Julie; Southon, John; Petchey, Fiona

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12532-8

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The new reference material built by this project will allow more definitive identification and correlation of tephras within these cores, specifically post-2 Ma. However, the reports currently published on these deposits suggest that there are many more tephra deposits to be found in these marine and offshore sites than we have in the TephraNZ dataset (Carter et al, 2003;Alloway et al, 2005;Holt et al, 2010Holt et al, , 2011Hopkins et al, 2021). The TephraNZ dataset can provide a formalised correlation framework from which other unknown deposits can be determined, characterised, and in- tegrated into a holistic tephrostratigraphic reconstruction.…”

Section: Iodp and Odp Correlativesmentioning

confidence: 55%

TephraNZ: a major- and trace-element reference dataset for glass-shard analyses from prominent Quaternary rhyolitic tephras in New Zealand and implications for correlation

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Although analyses of tephra-derived glass shards have been undertaken in New Zealand for nearly four decades (pioneered by Paul Froggatt), our study is the first to systematically develop a formal, comprehensive, open-access reference dataset of glass-shard compositions for New Zealand tephras. These data will provide an important reference tool for future studies to identify and correlate tephra deposits and for associated petrological and magma-related studies within New Zealand and beyond. Here we present the foundation dataset for TephraNZ, an open-access reference dataset for selected tephra deposits in New Zealand. Prominent, rhyolitic, tephra deposits from the Quaternary were identified, with sample collection targeting original type sites or reference locations where the tephra's identification is unequivocally known based on independent dating and/or mineralogical techniques. Glass shards were extracted from the tephra deposits, and major- and trace-element geochemical compositions were determined. We discuss in detail the data reduction process used to obtain the results and propose that future studies follow a similar protocol in order to gain comparable data. The dataset contains analyses of glass shards from 23 proximal and 27 distal tephra samples characterising 45 eruptive episodes ranging from Kaharoa (636 ± 12 cal yr BP) to the Hikuroa Pumice member (2.0 ± 0.6 Ma) from six or more caldera sources, most from the central Taupō Volcanic Zone. We report 1385 major-element analyses obtained by electron microprobe (EMPA), and 590 trace-element analyses obtained by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, on individual glass shards. Using principal component analysis (PCA), Euclidean similarity coefficients, and geochemical investigation, we show that chemical compositions of glass shards from individual eruptions are commonly distinguished by major elements, especially CaO, TiO2, K2O, and FeOtt (Na2O+K2O and SiO2/K2O), but not always. For those tephras with similar glass major-element signatures, some can be distinguished using trace elements (e.g. HFSEs: Zr, Hf, Nb; LILE: Ba, Rb; REE: Eu, Tm, Dy, Y, Tb, Gd, Er, Ho, Yb, Sm) and trace-element ratios (e.g. LILE/HFSE: Ba/Th, Ba/Zr, Rb/Zr; HFSE/HREE: Zr/Y, Zr/Yb, Hf/Y; LREE/HREE: La/Yb, Ce/Yb). Geochemistry alone cannot be used to distinguish between glass shards from the following tephra groups: Taupō (Unit Y in the post-Ōruanui eruption sequence of Taupō volcano) and Waimihia (Unit S); Poronui (Unit C) and Karapiti (Unit B); Rotorua and Rerewhakaaitu; and Kawakawa/Ōruanui, and Okaia. Other characteristics, including stratigraphic relationships and age, can be used to separate and distinguish all of these otherwise-similar tephra deposits except Poronui and Karapiti. Bimodality caused by K2O variability is newly identified in Poihipi and Tahuna tephras. Using glass-shard compositions, tephra sourced from Taupō Volcanic Centre (TVC) and Mangakino Volcanic Centre (MgVC) can be separated using bivariate plots of SiO2/K2O vs. Na2O+K2O. Glass shards from tephras derived from Kapenga Volcanic Centre, Rotorua Volcanic Centre, and Whakamaru Volcanic Centre have similar major- and trace-element chemical compositions to those from the MgVC, but they can overlap with glass analyses from tephras from Taupō and Okataina volcanic centres. Specific trace elements and trace-element ratios have lower variability than the heterogeneous major-element and bimodal signatures, making them easier to fingerprint geochemically.

show abstract

Section: Iodp and Odp Correlativesmentioning

confidence: 55%

TephraNZ: a major- and trace-element reference dataset for glass-shard analyses from prominent Quaternary rhyolitic tephras in New Zealand and implications for correlation

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No relationship is observed between eruptive volume and repose period for these young eruptions. The most recent explosive eruption at 232 ± 10 CE (Taupō eruption, Unit Y: ~35 km 3 DRE; Wilson, 1993;Hogg et al, 2012;Hogg et al, 2019) represents the largest post-Oruanui event and resulted in further caldera collapse. More than 60% of the observed and inferred rhyolitic vent sites form a NE-trending lineament along the eastern side of the lake (Wilson, 1993;Barker et al, 2015;Barker et al, 2019) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Surface Volcanics and Shallow Structures Of Taupō Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching, Shaking, Inflating: Volcanic-Tectonic Interactions at a Rifting Silicic Caldera

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Silicic caldera volcanoes are frequently situated in regions of tectonic extension, such as continental rifts, and are subject to periods of unrest and/or eruption that can be triggered by the interplay between magmatic and tectonic processes. Modern (instrumental) observations of deformation patterns associated with magmatic and tectonic unrest in the lead up to eruptive events at silicic calderas are sparse. Therefore, our understanding of the magmatic-tectonic processes associated with volcanic unrest at silicic calderas is largely dependent on historical and geological observations. Here we utilize existing instrumental, historical and geological data to provide an overview of the magmatic-tectonic deformation patterns operating over annual to 104 year timescales at Taupō volcano, now largely submerged beneath Lake Taupō, in the rifted-arc of the Taupō Volcanic Zone. Short-term deformation patterns observed from seismicity, lake level recordings and historical records are characterized by decadal-scale uplift and subsidence with accompanying seismic swarms, ground shaking and surface ruptures, many of which may reflect magma injections into and around the magma reservoir. The decadal-scale frequency at which intense seismic events occur shows that ground shaking, rather than volcanic eruptions, is the primary short-term local hazard in the Taupō District. Deformation trends near and in the caldera on 101–104 yr timescales are atypical of the longer-term behavior of a continental rift, with magma influx within the crust suppressing axial subsidence of the rift basin within ∼10 km of the caldera margin. Examination of exposed faults and fissures reveals that silicic volcanic eruptions from Taupō volcano are characterized by intense syn-eruptive deformation that can occasionally extend up to 50 km outside the caldera structure, including ground shaking, fissuring and triggered fault movements. We conclude that eruption and unrest scenarios at Taupō volcano depend on the three-way coupling between the mafic-silicic-tectonic systems, with eruption and/or unrest events leading to six possible outcomes initially triggered by mafic injection either into or outside the magma mush system, or by changes to the tectonic stress state.

show abstract

“…The southern section of the lake does not coincide with a negative gravity anomaly but is also thought to have partially collapsed during the Oruanui eruption (Wilson, 2001; Figure 1). The twenty-eight post-Oruanui eruptions (25 during the last 12 ka) range greatly in size and eruption style, with the latest and largest explosive event occurring at 232 ± 10 CE (Barker et al, 2015(Barker et al, , 2019Hogg et al, 2012Hogg et al, , 2019Wilson, 1993). This 232 CE "Taupō eruption" occurred in the northeast corner of the Oruanui caldera and caused further collapse (Davy & Caldwell, 1998, Figure 1).…”

Section: Taupō Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Illsley‐Kemp

Barker

Wilson

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taupō volcano, New Zealand, is a large caldera volcano that has been highly active through the Holocene. It most recently erupted ∼1,800 years ago but there have been multiple periods of historic volcanic unrest. We use seismological and geodetic analysis to show that in 2019 Taupō underwent a period of unrest characterized by increased seismic activity through multiple swarms and was accompanied by ground deformation within the caldera. The earthquakes, which include non‐double‐couple events, serve to outline an aseismic zone beneath the most recent eruptive vents. This aseismic zone is coincident with an inflating source, based on forward modeling of ground deformation data. We infer that this aseismic and deforming region delineates the location of the present day magma reservoir that is ≥250 km3 in volume and has a melt fraction of >20%–30%, inhibiting seismic activity. Our analysis shows that the 2019 unrest at Taupō was volcanic in nature and origin, demonstrating that this is an active and potentially hazardous volcano, and that improving our monitoring and understanding of its behavior is important.

show abstract

Wiggle-match radiocarbon dating of the Taupo eruption

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

TephraNZ: a major- and trace-element reference dataset for glass-shard analyses from prominent Quaternary rhyolitic tephras in New Zealand and implications for correlation

TephraNZ: a major- and trace-element reference dataset for glass-shard analyses from prominent Quaternary rhyolitic tephras in New Zealand and implications for correlation

Stretching, Shaking, Inflating: Volcanic-Tectonic Interactions at a Rifting Silicic Caldera

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About