Wiederaufladbare Zink/Luftsauerstoff‐Batterien

Abstract

wegen ihres hohen spezifischen Energieinhalts, ihrer kostengunstigen Aktivmaterialien und ihrer guten Umweltvertraglichkeit interessante Stromquellen fur die Elektrotraktion. Wiederaufladbare ZinW Luftsauerstoff-Batterien sind fur diese Anwendung besonders geeignet. Die Verwendung von Luftsauerstoff als Reaktionspartner bedingt eine halboffene Bauweise mit einem materialtechnologisch anspruchsvollen Interface. Der Stand der Technik verschiedener Batterievarianten und der wichtigsten Komponenten (Luft-Diffusionselektrode, Zinkelektrode, Elektrolyt) wird in diesem ijbersichtsartikel ausfuhrlich dargestellt und diskutiert. Stromsammler -------.* J--A-Stromsammler Metal1Aquiva-Theor. spez. Gleichge-Theor. Zellen-Gleichgewichtselektroden-Theor. Zellenspannung einer lentmasse Ladung bezo-wichtselektro-spannung potential fur pH = 14 Me/O, -Zelle fur pH = 14 bezogen auf gen auf das denpotential einer Me/O,bezogen auf die im bezogen auf die im das Entlade-Entladepro-unter Zelle unter Pourbaix-Diagramm Pourbaix-Diagramm produkt [g] dukt [A h/kg] Standardbe-Standardbe-angegebene angegebene Entladeprodukts [V] Entladeprodukts [V] dingungen [Vl dingungen [V] stabile Form des stabile Form des Cd Fe Zn Al Na Li Me-Hydrid Mg 73.20 44.92 40.69 25.99 29.16 39.98 23.94 % 67 366 597 659 1032 919 671 1120 360

In operando monitoring of the state of charge and species distribution in zinc air batteries using X-ray tomography and model-based simulations

“…At the air electrode, oxygen, water and electrons electrochemically react to form hydroxide ions. 2 Currently zinc air batteries are commercially available on the market as primary button cells. Obtainable practical energy densities are 200 to 400 W h kg À1 .…”

Benchmarking Anode Concepts: The Future of Electrically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

“…T he concept of the zinc−air battery (ZAB) was developed in the late 19th century. 1 The ZAB was patented for the first time in 1878, appearing as a primary battery. 2 Since the early 1960s, there have been multiple attempts to develop electrically rechargeable ZABs as promising energy storage devices for electric vehicles and portable applications.…”

“…1,3−5 In particular, further development of the cathode with the use of novel catalysts made it possible to improve its stability and cycling performance. 1,6 Over the last decades, various primary and secondary alkaline batteries using a Zn anode have been investigated and partially commercialized, such as Zn/NiOOH, Zn/MnO 2 , Zn/Ag 2 O, and Zn/O 2 batteries. 3,7−10 The detailed historical milestones during the development of Zn-based batteries can be found in a review article published by Harting and co-workers in 2012.…”

“…Our estimation reflects that in the ideal case of zero overpotential at the cathode, with negligible overpotential at the Zn anode, the herein calculated values for w ̅ grav are maximum values that can be expected but presumably will never be reached in a ZAB. 1,25,26 State-of-the-Art Performance of Alkaline Zn Anodes. In order to evaluate the state-of-the-art performance for both groups, on the one hand we take only those publications that provide all of the necessary information for determining the aforementioned descriptors into account, termed publications including all information.…”

Development of a Novel Zinc/Air Fuel Cell with a Zn Foam Anode, a PVA/KOH Membrane and a MnO2/SiOC-Based Air Cathode

“…Despite numerous efforts to develop an electric rechargeable zinc/air fuel cell (battery) during the last decades (2,3), only one application, namely a primary button cell for hearing devices, is widely available on the market. Alone by Varta Microbatteries GmbH (Erlangen, Germany), the production rate of this kind of primary zinc/air cell amounts about 1 million cells per day.…”