Width of the flux tube in compact U(1) gauge theory in three dimensions

Caselle, Michele; Panero, Marco; Vadacchino, Davide

doi:10.1007/jhep02(2016)180

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…We will try to find some numerical evidence for this. We remark that the glueball masses we will obtain in this Section are consistent with those obtained in [8,12,13] but with much smaller errors. Our string tensions on the other hand, while also being consistent with the values in [12,13], are considerably less precise than the latter, because of the very different techniques employed.…”

Section: Glueballs and String Tensionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We remark that the glueball masses we will obtain in this Section are consistent with those obtained in [8,12,13] but with much smaller errors. Our string tensions on the other hand, while also being consistent with the values in [12,13], are considerably less precise than the latter, because of the very different techniques employed. However our calculations are useful and complementary both because they are for closed flux tubes rather than the open flux tubes of [12,13], and also, more importantly, because we are able to calculate the energies of excited flux tubes, as we will do in Section 5.…”

Section: Glueballs and String Tensionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…(However our experience with SU(2), where there is also no large-N suppression, suggests that the overlap should be small.) We also note that the same mass appears in studies of the profile of the confining flux tube [12] at large distances from the axis of the tube, as one would expect since the asymptotic exponential decay of the profile should be governed by the mass gap. Finally we recall that the very accurate calculations in [13] for the ground state energy of flux tubes attached to static sources provided evidence for the contribution of a rigidity term in the world-sheet effective action, which involves a mass scale.…”

Section: Flux Tubes: Spectrum and Massive Modessupporting

confidence: 56%

“…That is one of the aims of this paper. Another aim is to calculate the spectrum of non-contractible closed flux tubes that wind around one of the periodic spatial directions, so as to learn what we can about the effective world-sheet action of such flux tubes in the U(1) gauge theory, thus complementing recent studies [12,13] of the ground state of a flux tube between static sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the spectrum and string tension of U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions

Athenodorou

Teper

2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We calculate the low-lying spectra of glueballs and confining flux tubes in the U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. We see that up to modest lattice spacing corrections, the glueball states are consistent with being multiparticle states composed of non-interacting massive J P C = 0 −− particles. We observe that the ag 2 → 0 limit is, as expected, unconventional, and follows the well-known saddle-point analysis of Polyakov to a good approximation. The spectrum of closed (winding) flux tubes exhibits the presence of a massive world-sheet excitation whose mass is consistent with that of the bulk screening mass. These U(1) calculations are intended to complement existing lattice calculations of the properties of SU(N ≥ 2) and SO(N ≥ 3) gauge theories in D = 2 + 1.

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Section: Glueballs and String Tensionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Glueballs and String Tensionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Flux Tubes: Spectrum and Massive Modessupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the spectrum and string tension of U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions

Athenodorou

Teper

2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…Following an analogous study for the Ising model [147], in ref. [106] it was shown that the profile of the flux tube in compact U(1) gauge theory at zero temperature has an exponential profile: this is what one expects, if the vacuum of the theory is interpreted as a dual superconductor [134][135][136]. In addition, we also consider the two-point correlation function…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Conformal field theory and the hot phase of three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory

Caselle

Nada

Panero

et al. 2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We study the high-temperature phase of compact U(1) gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions, comparing the results of lattice calculations with analytical predictions from the conformalfield-theory description of the low-temperature phase of the bidimensional XY model. We focus on the two-point correlation functions of probe charges and the field-strength operator, finding excellent quantitative agreement with the functional form and the continuously varying critical indices predicted by conformal field theory. arXiv:1903.00491v2 [cond-mat.str-el] 13 May 2019Polyakov loop can be directly related to the free energy associated with a chromoelectric probe charge: in the thermodynamic limit P vanishes for T < T c (implying an infinite energy cost for the existence of an isolated fundamental color source in the confining phase, i.e. quark confinement), whereas it has a finite expectation value at T > T c . In contrast, the U(1) center symmetry of U(1) gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions remains unbroken, and, while in the high-temperature phase the theory does not have a dynamically generated, finite, characteristic length scale, the logarithmic Coulomb potential is still sufficient to confine static charges.As the finite-temperature transition in U(1) gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions is continuous, one expects that at T = T c the long-distance properties of the system are equivalent to those of a two-dimensional spin system with global U(1) symmetry [116], i.e. the classical XY model, that exhibits a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition [117] (see also refs. [118-121]). In the past, the validity of this conjecture has been investigated in various numerical studies [87,[101][102][103] and the most recent work gives conclusive evidence in support of it [104].As discussed in ref. [116], this correspondence relies on the continuous nature of the transition at T = T c . In turn, the existence of an infinite correlation length is also an essential necessary condition for scale and conformal invariance. In the two-dimensional XY model, this condition is realized in a peculiar way: even though the system can never have spontaneous magnetization [122], at low temperatures the model is in a phase characterized by "topological" order [117], with two-point spin correlation functions decaying only with inverse powers of the spatial separation r between the spins [123,124]. The fact that the whole low-temperature phase of the two-dimensional XY model is gapless and admits a conformal-field-theory description raises the question, what happens in the corresponding phase of the three-dimensional gauge theory, i.e. the high-temperature phase? To answer this question, in this work we carry out a systematic study of compact U(1) lattice gauge theory at T > T c , and compare a large set of novel numerical results, obtained by Monte Carlo simulations, with analytical predictions derived from conformal field theory. Specifically, we focus our attention on correlation functions of plaquette operators, Polyakov loops, and on the profile of the flux tube ind...

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Flux Tubes and Effective String Theories (EST)

Hari Dass

2023

Lecture Notes in Physics

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This chapter explains the concept of Effective String Theories(EST), and their success in explaining the results that Yang-Mills flux tubes behave, to a high degree of accuracy, like Bosonic Strings(BST). It describes EST's of Lüscher and Weisz, and their principal conclusions. It then discusses the Polchinski-Strominger EST's. which are valid in all dimensions. It then describes the works by Drummond, and, the author and Peter Matlock, which extended the analysis to R −3 order and showed, that even at that order the spectrum is that of BST. The chapter analyses the issues of string momentum in higher orders. It discusses at length the powerful covariant calculus, to systematically construct EST's to arbitrary orders. The most general actions to R −7 order are shown to be governed by just two parameters. The works of Aharony and collaborators on the spectrum of EST's, both in static and conformal gauges,to R −5 order, and their results that even at that order the ground state energy remains the same as that of BST, but the excited spectrum gets corrected for D > 3, are explained. It discusses the simulation results for excited states. It also discusses the AdS-CFT approaches and thickness of flux tubes.Recent works on the path-integral approaches to this issue are also discussed and compared with the other approaches. It concludes with remarks on the significance of the results for QCD.

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Width of the flux tube in compact U(1) gauge theory in three dimensions

Cited by 30 publications

References 110 publications

On the spectrum and string tension of U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions

On the spectrum and string tension of U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions

Conformal field theory and the hot phase of three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory

Flux Tubes and Effective String Theories (EST)

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