Width of attached gingiva in an Indian population: A descriptive study

Pulikkotil, Shaju Jacob; Zade, R. M.

doi:10.3329/bjms.v8i3.3985

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Kolte et al included 3 different age groups (16-24 years, 25-39 years, and > 40 years; n = 20 males, 20 females in each group) and reported smaller mean amounts of attached gingiva in the maxilla compared to the present study. Adesola et al [25] also investigated the influence of gender on the WAG of 54 females and 19 males in a Nigerian population and found no significant [15] reported a higher WAG in Indian females than in males. It should be noted that the authors analyzed the measurements on the maxillary and mandibular central incisors, the premolars, and molars, but they did not present gender-related positional details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva and clinical crown length in anterior teeth

et al. 2021

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Background The anatomical features of the gingiva and the clinical crowns and their interrelation, especially in aesthetically and functionally demanding areas, are important in complex dental or implant-retained prosthetic rehabilitations. This observational cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva (WAG), the clinical crown length (CCL), and their interrelation in the anterior teeth to determine the relationship between the pink and white aesthetics. Methods Eighty (54 females, 26 males) fully dentate Caucasian participants between the ages of 20 and 25 years and 36 probands (23 females, 13 males) between the ages of 45 and 55 years were included in the present study. The CCL of the maxillary and mandibular canines, as well as the central incisors of the maxilla and mandible, were determined with a dental sliding caliper measuring from the middle margin of the gingiva at its deepest point to the incisal edge. The clinical investigation of the WAG was performed by inserting a periodontal probe into the gingival sulcus in the middle of the buccal surface to firstly measure the probing pocket depth. The distance between the gingival margin and mucogingival junction (MGJ) was then measured with a Beerendonk sliding caliper in the middle of the labial curvature, and the clinical WAG was determined by subtraction of the measured probing depth. For the statistical analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon-Test, the Spearman’s rank correlation, and a two-factorial non-parametric analysis were used. Results There was no correlation between the CCL and the WAG in a healthy periodontium. Gender influenced the CCL, with men having significantly longer teeth than women in both maxilla (P ≤ 0.01) and mandible (P ≤ 0.05). Age did not influence the CCL significantly neither in the upper (P = 0.06) nor in the lower jaw (P = 0.33). Gender did not show to have a significant influence on the WAG of maxilla (P = 0.69) and mandible (P = 0.26). But differences in the WAG between young and old participants were observed in both upper (P ≤ 0.01) and lower jaw (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The present observational study demonstrated that the mean values of cohorts with mixed age groups and genders should not be considered when attempting to determine the ideal relationships between the pink and white aesthetics since the statistical analyses showed significant differences between different age groups and genders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the influence of age on the WAG and CCL, gender may also have an effect; although, reports are contradictory [6,14]. In an Indian population, the gingiva was wider in females than males [15], while other studies have found no correlation with gender [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva and clinical crown length in anterior teeth

et al. 2021

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“…In a study by Shaju Jacob et al [15], variations in the WAG were identi ed across various regions of oral cavity, with the widest measurements in the upper central incisors and the narrowest in the lower molars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, similar variations in the WAG were observed in both arches. Variations in WAG in various studies might be due to different methods used to locate mucogingival junctions (functional versus staining) or possible true ethnical differences [10,15,16,31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Width and Thickness of Attached Gingiva and Its Association with Age, Gender and Arch Location in Nepalese Population

Rijal,

Dhami,

Khapung

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose The width and thickness of attached gingiva are important clinical parameters. Considerable variations exist in the same as well as in different individuals. This study aimed to assess the width and thickness of the attached gingiva and its relationship with age, gender, and arch location in the Nepalese patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 individuals visiting periodontics department who were categorized into three age-groups with equal distribution of gender in each group. The width of attached gingiva (WAG) was determined using University of North Carolina − 15 probe after locating the mucogingival junction. Data were gathered, entered in excel sheet version 19 and SPSS version 20 was used for further analysis. Mean and standard deviation were calculated. Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA was used to find out the significant difference between variables. Correlation between dependent and independent variables was discovered with the help of Pearson correlation test. The significance level was set at 5% with a 95% confidence level. Results 120 individuals with 1440 teeth were examined to measure the WAG with equal distribution of gender. The maximum WAG was found on maxillary right lateral incisor and minimum width on mandibular left first premolar. The average WAG was greater in the upper arch (3.19 mm) than in the lower (2.71 mm). Maximum thickness (1.728 mm) of attached gingiva was found on the mandibular left first molars and minimum width (0.667 mm) on mandibular left first premolars. Conclusions As individuals age, there is a reduction in gingival thickness, accompanied by an increase in the WAG across both dental arches. In terms of gender differences, females exhibit a higher thickness of attached gingiva (TAH) in comparison to male counterpart.

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“…2,3 The average width of the attached gingiva in the maxillary anterior region is established to be 3.5-4.5 mm. 4 Furthermore, Miller stated that the frenum is considered aberrant when it is unusually wide or there is no apparent zone of attached gingiva along the midline or the interdental papilla shifts when the frenum is extended. 5 The aberrant frenum appears inordinately large and/or attached close to the gingival margin and the residual fibers persist between maxillary central incisors attaching to the periosteum and connective tissue of the interincisal suture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxillary labial frenum and malocclusion: An overriding or an overlooked tissue?

Rajani¹,

Biswas²

2022

IJOHD

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The influence of the maxillary labial frenum in relation to the midline diastema has been a proven fact to clinicians for many years. A pilot study was carried out to investigate the relationship between a low maxillary labial frenum attachment and skeletal malocclusions (class I, II, and III). Astonishingly, it was observed that the class III malocclusion had a statistically high number of cases with low frenum attachments. The objective of the study was to understand the underlying skeletal class III dysplasia in these cases. A comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 300 consecutive subjects between 13-30-years of age. Based on the cephalometric parameters the participants were categorized into 98 skeletal class I, 102 class II, and 100 class III subjects. Variations in the frenum attachment were clinically evaluated using Placek classification. The insertion level and width of the frenum were also measured by using a caliper and the data were statistically analyzed for determining the association between the frenum attachment and skeletal malocclusion. The prevalence of low frenum attachment in class III subjects was found to be 64%. Also, the mean attachment level of the frenum was significantly closer to the gingival margin in skeletal class III subjects compared with that of the other groups (p<0.01). The study identified that the subjects with a low frenum attachment had a tendency towards a retruded maxilla in terms of linear dimension. Therefore the present study supports the hypotheses that the skeletal Class III malocclusion may be associated with low frenum attachment.

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Width of attached gingiva in an Indian population: A descriptive study

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva and clinical crown length in anterior teeth

Gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva and clinical crown length in anterior teeth

Evaluation of Width and Thickness of Attached Gingiva and Its Association with Age, Gender and Arch Location in Nepalese Population

Maxillary labial frenum and malocclusion: An overriding or an overlooked tissue?

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