Widespread West Nile Virus Activity, Eastern United States, 2000

Aa, Marfin; Lr, Petersen; Eidson, Millicent; Miller, James R.; Hadler, James L.; Farello, Cheryl; Werner, Barbara G.; Campbell, GL; Layton, Marcelle; Smith, Perry F.; Bresnitz, Eddy A.; Cartter, Matthew L.; Scaletta, Joseph; Obiri, Godwin; Bunning, Michel L.; Rc, Craven; Roehrig, John T.; Kg, Julian; Hinten,; Dj, Gubler

doi:10.3201/eid0704.010423

Cited by 95 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the fall, some mosquito species tend to hibernate and are in developmental diapauses. They prefer plant feed instead of blood feed (Marfin et al 2000;Komar 2003). In general, when temperature cools down in fall, some mosquito species and many other animals have not started to hibernate by this time, and birds intend to migrate later (Marfin et al 2000;Komar 2003).…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They prefer plant feed instead of blood feed (Marfin et al 2000;Komar 2003). In general, when temperature cools down in fall, some mosquito species and many other animals have not started to hibernate by this time, and birds intend to migrate later (Marfin et al 2000;Komar 2003). This time table is not optimal, but there is sufficient time to explore the spread of WNV caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts in urban areas.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of the effect of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on WNV dissemination in Chicago

Liu

Weng

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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This paper developed an approach by the synthesis of remote sensing, landscape metrics, and statistical methods to examine the effects of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts in Chicago, USA. Land use/land cover and land surface temperature images were derived from Terra's Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer imagery. An analytical procedure using landscape metrics was developed, applying configuration analysis of landscape patterns in the study area. The positive reports of mosquitoes and animal hosts for WNV in fall, 2001-2006, were collected from the Cook County Public Health Department. Forty-nine municipalities were found to have WNV-positive records in mosquitoes and animal hosts in fall 2004. Socioeconomic data were obtained from the 2000 US Census. Statistical analysis was applied to WNV data in fall 2004 to identify the relationship between potential predictors and WNV spread. As a result, landscape factors, such as landscape aggregation index and the urban areas and areas of grass and water, showed strong correlations with the WNV-positive records. Socioeconomic conditions, such as the population over 65 years old, also showed a strong correlation with WNV-positive records. Thermal conditions of water showed a less but still considerable correlation to WNV-positive records. This research offers an opportunity to explore the effects of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on the spread of WNV caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts. Results can contribute to public health and environmental management in the study area.

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of the effect of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on WNV dissemination in Chicago

Liu

Weng

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The mean age of patients with WN disease was 62 and 54 years in the 2000 outbreaks in the United States (77) and Israel (136), respectively, and an increased case fatality rate was reported with advanced age in the outbreaks in the United States (16,137), Israel (136), Russia (103), and Romania (130). Human cases of SLE exhibit a similar increased risk of death for the elderly (53, 76,135).…”

Section: Mosquito Speciesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The introduction of WNV into North America in 1999 resulted in 61 human cases (7 deaths) in New York (18). In 2000, there were 21 human cases of WN disease (19 with severe neurologic disease and four deaths) in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut (77). In 2001, human cases of WN disease were reported for the first time in the southeast, and as of September 12, 2001, there was a total of 15 human cases (1 death) from Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York (Centers for Disease Control, unpublished data) (Fig.…”

Section: Mosquito Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Activity in the United States, 2001

Bernard

Kramer

2001

Viral Immunology

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“…These categories were cited in many studies in an attempt to detect antigens or nucleic acids of new, exotic or re-emerging pathogens (n = 13) [21,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] or antibodies against them (n = 13) [20,22,33,35,46,51,53,[57][58][59][60][61][62]. Different applications of these studies were found: (i) as a permanent component of surveillance systems, as occasional complementary activity (n = 10);…”

Section: Active Surveillance Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations

et al. 2014

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In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n = 49) and re-emerging (n = 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n = 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n = 23) and passive (n = 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n = 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n = 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n = 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n = 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.

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Widespread West Nile Virus Activity, Eastern United States, 2000

Cited by 95 publications

References 2 publications

An examination of the effect of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on WNV dissemination in Chicago

An examination of the effect of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on WNV dissemination in Chicago

West Nile Virus Activity in the United States, 2001

Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations

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