Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of high-calorie foods

Stoeckel, Luke E.; Weller, Rosalyn E.; Cook, Edwin W.; Twieg, Donald B.; Knowlton, Robert C.; Cox, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.031

Cited by 768 publications

(800 citation statements)

References 111 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

726

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This may be of particular concern in relation to the development and maintenance of obesity given the association between consumption of high energy-dense foods and subsequent weight gain (46)(47)(48) . These findings also reflect results from recent neuroimaging studies (49)(50)(51)(52)(53) that demonstrated greater activation of reward pathways in the brain on exposure to high energy-dense food images. Coupled with attentional bias studies, these neuroimaging studies provide a further insight into how eating behaviours may be affected by potential dysregulation in areas of the brain involved in processing the rewarding properties of foods.…”

Section: Effects Of Energy Density Of Food-related Cuessupporting

confidence: 85%

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incentive sensitisation model of obesity suggests that modification of the dopaminergic associated reward systems in the brain may result in increased awareness of food-related visual cues present in the current food environment. Having a heightened awareness of these visual food cues may impact on food choices and eating behaviours with those being most aware of or demonstrating greater attention to food-related stimuli potentially being at greater risk of overeating and subsequent weight gain. To date, research related to attentional responses to visual food cues has been both limited and conflicting. Such inconsistent findings may in part be explained by the use of different methodological approaches to measure attentional bias and the impact of other factors such as hunger levels, energy density of visual food cues and individual eating style traits that may influence visual attention to food-related cues outside of weight status alone. This review examines the various methodologies employed to measure attentional bias with a particular focus on the role that attentional processing of food-related visual cues may have in obesity. Based on the findings of this review, it appears that it may be too early to clarify the role visual attention to foodrelated cues may have in obesity. Results however highlight the importance of considering the most appropriate methodology to use when measuring attentional bias and the characteristics of the study populations targeted while interpreting results to date and in designing future studies.Incentive sensitisation: Weight status: Eye tracking: Visual probe: Stroop Prevalence of overweight and obesity has now reached epidemic proportions with more than 1·4 billion adults considered as overweight and of these, over 500 million being obese worldwide (1) . On a fundamental level the cause of obesity is linked to an imbalance of energy intake v. energy expenditure; however, it is now evident that obesity is a multifactorial condition that arises from interactions between genetic and environmental factors (2) . One such factor is the present 'obesogenic' environment that is characterised by a wealth of highly palatable, energy-dense foods (3) . These foods are heavily represented in the visual environment for example, through advertising and it has been suggested that frequent exposure to these forms of food-related cues may impact on eating behaviours and food choices (4)(5)(6) .According to the theory of incentive sensitisation, 'addictive substances' modify reward-related pathways in the brain leading to hypersensitisation of rewardrelated stimuli (7) . This results in increased salience to reward-related stimuli resulting in these stimuli becoming more 'attention grabbing'. It has been proposed that this heightened awareness is the consequence of repeated exposure to a particular stimulus and the association between the stimulus and a rewarding experience, which results in related cues becoming salient. The stimulus related to the rewarding experience may then attract g...

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Energy Density Of Food-related Cuessupporting

confidence: 85%

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors postulated that the dysfunction in reward circuitry in obese subjects may have a distinguished role in overeating due to their altered responsiveness to tastes. Other studies (95,96) demonstrated that food motivation associated with viewing high-and low-energy food images in obese women is different from healthy weighted subjects, with an enhanced activation to high-energy food images in dorsal striatal regions (reward areas). Moreover, increasing body BMI positively correlated with BOLD signal for the highenergy condition in anterior insula (taste region), OFC (reward and secondary taste area), posterior cingulate, dorsal striatum and post-central gyrus.…”

Section: Effect Of Obesity On the Cortical Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging methodologies and applications for nutrition research: what can functional MRI offer?

Francis

Eldeghaidy

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food intake is influenced by a complex regulatory system involving the integration of a wide variety of sensory inputs across multiple brain areas. Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging using functional MRI (f MRI) have provided valuable insight into these pathways in the human brain. This review provides an outline of the methodology of f MRI, introducing the widely used blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast for f MRI and direct measures of cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labelling. A review of f MRI studies of the brain's response to taste, aroma and oral somatosensation, and how fat is sensed and mapped in the brain in relation to the pleasantness of food, and appetite control is given. The influence of phenotype on individual variability in cortical responses is addressed, and an overview of f MRI studies investigating hormonal influences (e.g. peptide YY, cholecystokinin and ghrelin) on appetiterelated brain processes provided. Finally, recent developments in MR technology at ultrahigh field (7 T) are introduced, highlighting the advances this can provide for f MRI studies to investigate the neural underpinnings in nutrition research. In conclusion, neuroimaging methods provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of flavour perception and appetite behaviour. Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging techniques, particularly functional MRI (f MRI), have provided valuable insight into central food-related pathways in the human brain. This review outlines recent advances in f MRI to understand flavour perception and human appetitive behaviour. A brief overview of the method of f MRI and the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast generally used in f MRI is provided, together with how more direct measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be assessed. f MRI studies of the brain's response to taste, aroma and flavour perception are outlined. The question of how fat is sensed and mapped in the brain in relation to the pleasantness of food, appetite control and hormonal influences is addressed. The role of neuroimaging studies to assess eating behaviour in obesity will be outlined. Finally, recent developments in MR technology, and the advances they can provide for future f MRI studies to investigate the neural underpinnings in nutrition research will be described. Principles of functional MRIf MRI has revolutionised the research of functional brain mapping and is now the most widely used method for mapping brain activity. f MRI measures brain activity *Corresponding author: Dr S. Francis, email susan.francis@nottingham.ac.uk ‡ The original version of this article was published with incorrect conference details. A notice detailing this has been published and the error rectified in the online and print PDF and HTML copies.

show abstract

“…Moreover, in healthy-weight patients, the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, which are both involved in feeding, modulate the amygdala response to food cues. In fact, this modulation is impaired in obese individuals, regardless of the calorie content (low vs. high) suggested by the cues [156]. Such abnormal amygdala responses to food cues might trigger "non-homeostatic feeding" (also called "hedonic feeding"), i.e.…”

Section: Amygdala and Cue-induced Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

show abstract

Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of high-calorie foods

Cited by 768 publications

References 111 publications

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: is there a role in obesity?

Imaging methodologies and applications for nutrition research: what can functional MRI offer?

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About