Widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds in the 2015/2016 Arctic winter – Implications for ice nucleation

Voigt, Christiane; Dörnbrack, Andreas; Wirth, Martin; Groß, Silke; Pitts, Mıchael; Poole, L. R.; Baumann, Robert J.; Ehard, Benedikt; Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin; Woiwode, Wolfgang; Oelhaf, H.

doi:10.5194/acp-2017-1044

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, water vapor in low concentrations is measured in a second configuration Voigt et al, 2017).…”

Section: In Situ Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KOPRA is a line-by-line radiative transfer model, which is optimized for computationally efficient analyses of highly resolved spectral measurements. This software is used in the processing of MIPAS-Envisat, MIPAS-Balloon and MIPAS-STR limb measurements (von Clarmann et al, 2003;Wetzel et al, 2002;Woiwode et al, 2012). KOPRAFIT employs the Jacobians (derivatives of the radiance with respect to the fitted atmospheric parameters) provided by KOPRA to fit the selected atmospheric parameters to the measured set of spectra.…”

Section: Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO3, O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

et al. 2018

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During 15 scientific flights of the PGS campaigns the GLO-RIA instrument measured more than 15 000 atmospheric profiles at high spectral resolution. Dependent on flight altitude and tropospheric cloud cover, the profiles retrieved from the measurements typically range between 5 and 14 km, and vertical resolutions between 400 and 1000 m are achieved. The estimated total (random and systematic) 1σ errors are in the range of 1 to 2 K for temperature and 10 % to 20 % relative error for the discussed trace gases. Comparisons to in situ instruments deployed on board HALO have been performed. Over all flights of this campaign the median differences and median absolute deviations between in situ and GLORIA observations are −0.75 K±0.88 K for temperature, −0.03 ppbv ± 0.85 ppbv for HNO 3 , −3.5 ppbv ± 116.8 ppbv for O 3 , −15.4 pptv ± 102.8 pptv for ClONO 2 , −0.13 ppmv ± 0.63 ppmv for H 2 O and −19.8 pptv ± 46.9 pptv for CFC-12. Seventy-three percent of these differences are within twice the combined estimated errors of the cross-compared instruments. Events with larger deviations are explained by atmospheric variability and different sampling characteristics of the instruments. Additionally, comparisons of GLO-RIA HNO 3 and O 3 with measurements of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument show highly consistent structures in trace gas distributions and illustrate the potential of the high-spectral-resolution limb-imaging GLO-RIA observations for resolving narrow mesoscale structures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS).

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“…In addition, water vapor in low concentrations is measured in a second configuration Voigt et al, 2017).…”

Section: In Situ Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO3, O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

et al. 2018

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“…The Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (AIMS) measures HCl, SO 2 , HNO 3 and ClONO 2 at a time resolution of 1.7 s with a detection limit of 6-20 pptv, 10 %-15 % precision and an accuracy of 12 %-20 % (Jurkat et al, , 2017. In addition, water vapor in low concentrations is measured in a second configuration (Kaufmann et al, 2016;Voigt et al, 2017).…”

Section: In Situ Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO3, O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/16: characterization, in-situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Johansson¹,

Woiwode²,

Höpfner³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) was operated on board the German High Altitude and LOng range (HALO) research aircraft during the PGS (POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA) aircraft campaigns in the Arctic winter 2015/2016. Research flights were conducted from 17 December 2015 until 18 March 2016 between 80° W–30° E longitude and 25° N–87° N latitude. From the GLORIA infrared limb emission measurements, two dimensional cross sections of temperature, HNO3, O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 are retrieved. During 15 scientific flights of the PGS campaigns the GLORIA instrument measured more than 15 000 atmospheric profiles at high spectral resolution. Dependent on flight altitude and tropospheric cloud cover, the profiles retrieved from the measurements typically range between 5 and 14 km, and vertical resolutions between 400 m and 1000 m are achieved. The estimated total (random and systematic) 1σ errors are in the range of 1 to 2 K for temperature and 10 % to 20 % relative error for the discussed trace gases. Comparisons to in-situ instruments deployed on board HALO have been performed. Over all flights of this campaign the median differences and median absolute deviations between in-situ and GLORIA observations are −0.75 K ± 0.88 K for temperature, −0.03 ppbv ± 0.85 ppbv for HNO3, −3.5 ppbv ± 116.8 ppbv for O3, −15.4 pptv ± 102.8 pptv for ClONO2, −0.13 ppmv ± 0.63 ppmv for H2O and −19.8 pptv ± 46.9 pptv for CFC-12. These differences are mainly within the expected performances of the cross-compared instruments. Events with stronger deviations are explained by atmospheric variability and different sampling characteristics of the instruments. Additionally comparisons of GLORIA HNO3 and O3 with measurements of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument show highly consistent structures in trace gas distributions and illustrate the potential of the high spectral resolution limb-imaging GLORIA observations for resolving narrow mesoscale structures in the UTLS.

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“…So far, ice nucleation on preexisting NAT particles has not been considered in our CLaMS simulations. Recently, Voigt et al (2017) speculated about the existence of this specific pathway, which was mentioned in the literature already two decades ago (e.g. Peter, 1997).…”

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Tritscher¹

2018

Preprint

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Polar ozone loss in late winter and early spring is caused by enhanced concentrations of active chlorine. The surface necessary for heterogeneous reactions activating chlorine species is provided by cold stratospheric aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Moreover, sedimentation of PSC particles changes the chemical composition of the lower stratosphere and alters the process of ozone depletion by irreversible redistribution of nitric acid and water vapor. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulates the nucleation, growth, sedimentation, and evaporation of PSC particles along individual trajectories. Particles consisting of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) were the focus of previous work and are known for their potential to denitrify the polar stratosphere. Here, we carried this idea forward and introduced the formation of ice PSCs and the related dehydration within the sedimentation module of CLaMS. We show results from the Arctic winter 2009/2010, which is already well characterized because of the RECONCILE aircraft campaign and connected work. CLaMS simulations from the Antarctic winter 2011 complete this study and demonstrate the model's performance over an entire PSC season in the Southern Hemisphere. For both hemispheres, we present CLaMS results in comparison to PSC observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). Moreover, we confront CLaMS simulations of water vapor with vortex-wide Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. Observations and simulations are compared on seasonlong and vortex-wide scales as well as for single PSC events. The simulations reproduce well both the timing and extent of PSC occurrence inside the entire vortex. Divided into specific PSC classes, CLaMS results show good agreement with CALIOP and MIPAS observations, even for specific days and single satellite orbits. The vertical redistribution of nitric acid and water during the polar winter season, as seen in the MLS data, is visible in the CLaMS data as well. Overall, a conclusive agreement between CLaMS and a variety of independent measurements is presented.

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Widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds in the 2015/2016 Arctic winter – Implications for ice nucleation

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/16: characterization, in-situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

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Widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds in the 2015/2016 Arctic winter – Implications for ice nucleation

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ClONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ClONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ClONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/16: characterization, in-situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

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Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS

Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, ClONO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/16: characterization, in-situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS