Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages

Vilà, Carles; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Götherström, Anders; Marklund, Stefan L.; Sandberg, K.; Lidén, Kerstin; Wayne, Robert K.; Ellegren, Hans

doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474

Cited by 423 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This feature makes the use of these distance measures inappropriate. Therefore, we used the proportion of shared alleles distance that is free of the stepwise assumption, enjoys low variance (14), and is widely used with multilocus microsatellite data (11,12,15). We used the FITCH program in the PHYLIP package (16) with the log-transformed proportion of shared alleles distance as implemented in the computer program MICROSAT (17) to construct phylogenetic trees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

Matsuoka

Vigouroux²,

Goodman³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,209

940

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There exists extraordinary morphological and genetic diversity among the maize landraces that have been developed by preColumbian cultivators. To explain this high level of diversity in maize, several authors have proposed that maize landraces were the products of multiple independent domestications from their wild relative (teosinte). We present phylogenetic analyses based on 264 individual plants, each genotyped at 99 microsatellites, that challenge the multiple-origins hypothesis. Instead, our results indicate that all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. Our analyses also indicate that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands with maize spreading from this region over the Americas along two major paths. Our phylogenetic work is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands. We also found only modest evidence for postdomestication gene flow from teosinte into maize.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

Matsuoka

Vigouroux²,

Goodman³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,209

940

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is quite clear from the molecular evidence that domesticated horses (=E. caballus) incorporate a tremendous breadth of genetic diversity (Vilà et al, 2001), and that multiple species-level divisions within the caballoid group are untenable. We resolve the picture for Taimyr by placing late Quaternary horses from this region within E. caballus, sensu lato.…”

Section: Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some headway in understanding the population dynamics of now-extinct species in different parts of the globe is being made through an array of novel techniques and applications (e.g., Fisher, 1996;Culver et al, 2000;Greenwood et al, 2001), and there is hope that molecular investigations of continuity and change in gene distributions will eventually offer intriguing insights into species' histories during the last part of the Quaternary (e.g., Vilà et al, 2001). However, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that the scaffolding on which all historical investigations hang is time.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Chronologies and Species Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon Chronologies and Extinction Dynamics of the Late Quaternary Mammalian Megafauna of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russian Federation

MacPhee

Tikhonov

Mol

et al. 2002

Journal of Archaeological Science

106

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This paper presents 75 new radiocarbon dates based on late Quaternary mammal remains recovered from eastern Taimyr Peninsula and adjacent parts of the northern Siberian lowlands, Russian Federation, including specimens of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), steppe bison (Bison priscus), muskox (Ovibos moschatus), moose (Alces alces), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), horse (Equus caballus) and wolf (Canis lupus). New evidence permits reanalysis of megafaunal extinction dynamics in the Asian high Arctic periphery. Increasingly, radiometric records of individual species show evidence of a gap at or near the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (PHB). In the past, the PHB gap was regarded as significant only when actually terminal, i.e., when it marked the apparent ''last'' occurrence of a species (e.g., current ''last'' occurrence date for woolly mammoth in mainland Eurasia is 9600 yr ). However, for high Arctic populations of horses and muskoxen the gap marks an interruption rather than extinction, because their radiocarbon records resume, nearly simultaneously, much later in the Holocene. Taphonomic effects, C 14 flux, and biased sampling are unlikely explanations for these hiatuses. A possible explanation is that the gap is the signature of an event, of unknown nature, that prompted the nearly simultaneous crash of many megafaunal populations in the high Arctic and possibly elsewhere in Eurasia.

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“…Indeed, the field of aDNA started with the publication of mitochondrial DNA sequences from a museum specimen of the quagga (13), an equid related to Plains zebras that became extinct in the wild in the late 1870s. Over recent decades, aDNA sequences have been reported from other extinct members of the Equidae family (11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and have revealed unexpected patterns in equid evolution with varying degrees of conflict to morphological and paleontological phylogenies. For instance, the morphologically distinct South American hippidions were formerly considered to be descendants of the Pliohippines, a basal North American group that diverged from the lineage that gave rise to the genus Equus before 10 MYA (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

Orlando

Metcalf

Alberdi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

125

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The rich fossil record of the family Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) over the past 55 MY has made it an icon for the patterns and processes of macroevolution. Despite this, many aspects of equid phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy remain unresolved. Recent genetic analyses of extinct equids have revealed unexpected evolutionary patterns and a need for major revisions at the generic, subgeneric, and species levels. To investigate this issue we examine 35 ancient equid specimens from four geographic regions (South America, Europe, Southwest Asia, and South Africa), of which 22 delivered 87-688 bp of reproducible aDNA mitochondrial sequence. Phylogenetic analyses support a major revision of the recent evolutionary history of equids and reveal two new species, a South American hippidion and a descendant of a basal lineage potentially related to Middle Pleistocene equids. Sequences from specimens assigned to the giant extinct Cape zebra, Equus capensis, formed a separate clade within the modern plain zebra species, a phenotypicically plastic group that also included the extinct quagga. In addition, we revise the currently recognized extinction times for two hemione-related equid groups. However, it is apparent that the current dataset cannot solve all of the taxonomic and phylogenetic questions relevant to the evolution of Equus. In light of these findings, we propose a rapid DNA barcoding approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of the many Late Pleistocene fossil Equidae species that have been described from purely morphological analyses.DNA taxonomy ͉ equid evolution ͉ macroevolution ͉ phylogeny ͉ ancient DNA T he original sequence of horse fossils found in the 1870s by paleontologist Othaniel Charles Marsh, and popularized by Thomas Huxley (1), has been enriched by a large fossil record over the years and has now become one of the most widely known examples of macroevolutionary change (2). The original linear model of gradual modification of fox-sized animals (Hyracothere horses) to the modern forms has been replaced by a more complex tree, showing periods of explosive diversification and branch extinctions over 55 MY (3). The end of the Early Miocene (15-20 MYA) marks a particularly important transition, separating an initial phase of small leafy browsers from a second phase of more diverse animals, exhibiting tremendous body-size plasticity and modifications in tooth morphology (4). This explosive diversification has been accompanied by several stages of geographic extension from North America to the rest of the New and Old Worlds, so that by the end of the Miocene (5 MYA) more than a dozen distinct genera are represented in the fossil record (4) (Astrohippus,

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Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages

Cited by 423 publications

References 24 publications

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

Radiocarbon Chronologies and Extinction Dynamics of the Late Quaternary Mammalian Megafauna of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russian Federation

Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

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