Widespread distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in a confined animal feeding facility

Stine, O. Colin; Johnson, Judith A.; Keefer-Norris, Ananda; Perry, Kellie; Tigno, Justine T.; Qaiyumi, Sadaf; Stine, M.; Morris, J. Glenn

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.015

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is not surprising since tetracycline is often used as a first-line antimicrobial in disease prevention and growth promotion in food animals, and its widespread use has likely contributed to high rates of resistance (30). The frequency of tetracycline resistance in the pigs from the farms that we investigated was 83%, which is within the range of values described in previous reports (68 to 93%) (3,19,22,37). Since tetracycline resistance genes are located on mobile genetic elements, they are transmissible between bacteria (31), and it is likely that either the wild small mammals exposed to bacteria from swine or other farm sources were colonized by these bacteria or their resident flora acquired tetracycline resistance determinants from these bacteria through horizontal gene transfer.…”

Section: Ery Of Nonfastidious Organisms Such As Enterobacteriaceaesupporting

confidence: 78%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine and Wild Small Mammals in the Proximity of Swine Farms and in Natural Environments in Ontario, Canada

Kozak

Janecko

Reid‐Smith

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

267

149

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Wild animals not normally exposed to antimicrobial agents can acquire antimicrobial agent-resistant bacteria through contact with humans and domestic animals and through the environment. In this study we assessed the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli isolates from wild small mammals (mice, voles, and shrews) and the effect of their habitat (farm or natural area) on antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, we compared the types and frequency of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from swine on the same farms from which wild small mammals were collected. Animals residing in the vicinity of farms were five times more likely to carry E. coli isolates with tetracycline resistance determinants than animals living in natural areas; resistance to tetracycline was also the most frequently observed resistance in isolates recovered from swine (83%). Our results suggest that E. coli isolates from wild small mammals living on farms have higher rates of resistance and are more frequently multiresistant than E. coli isolates from environments, such as natural areas, that are less impacted by human and agricultural activities. No Salmonella isolates were recovered from any of the wild small mammal feces. This study suggests that close proximity to food animal agriculture increases the likelihood that E. coli isolates from wild animals are resistant to some antimicrobials, possibly due to exposure to resistant E. coli isolates from livestock, to the resistance genes of these isolates, or to antimicrobials through contact with animal feed.

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Section: Ery Of Nonfastidious Organisms Such As Enterobacteriaceaesupporting

confidence: 78%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine and Wild Small Mammals in the Proximity of Swine Farms and in Natural Environments in Ontario, Canada

Kozak

Janecko

Reid‐Smith

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

267

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Resistant E. coli and resistance genes have been detected in groundwater sources for drinking water sampled near hog farms in North Carolina (3), Maryland (74), and Iowa (42). In terms of public health significance, groundwater provides drinking water for more than 97% of rural U.S. populations.…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Food Animal Production and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Food Animal Production, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Human Health

Silbergeld

Graham

Price

2008

Annu. Rev. Public Health

529

407

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health crisis, eroding the discovery of antimicrobials and their application to clinical medicine. There is a general lack of knowledge of the importance of agricultural antimicrobial use as a factor in antimicrobial resistance even among experts in medicine and public health. This review focuses on agricultural antimicrobial drug use as a major driver of antimicrobial resistance worldwide for four reasons: It is the largest use of antimicrobials worldwide; much of the use of antimicrobials in agriculture results in subtherapeutic exposures of bacteria; drugs of every important clinical class are utilized in agriculture; and human populations are exposed to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens via consumption of animal products as well as through widespread release into the environment.

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“…In a relatively few cases the resistance phenotype relies on mutations in the 16S rRNA gene or chemical inactivation of the antibiotic (26,31). Tc r genes are very common in the environmental samples (22), and they are frequently isolated from pigs and soil and water samples collected from the areas surrounding pig farms (7,16,32,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline Resistome of the Organic Pig Gut

Kazimierczak

Scott

Kelly

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The occurrence of genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines in the organic pig gut was assessed through the metagenomic approach. Of 9,000 bacterial artificial chromosome clones analyzed, 10 were identified as carrying the known tet(C), tet(W), and tet(40) genes, as well as novel genes encoding resistance to the tetracyclines minocycline and doxycycline. The latter are different from the known tet genes and are homologous to genes encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerases, with the domain structure characteristic for these enzymes. The majority of the resistance genes were associated with putative mobile genetic elements. The sequence of a novel 9.7-kb plasmid carrying tet(W) and tet(40) was also identified. Conserved flanking regions identified around the tet(W) and tet(40) genes in our metagenomic library may play a role in genetic exchange of these genes. This is the first report describing the occurrence of tet(40) outside the human intestine. The maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes in apparently antibiotic-free animals is probably due to their presence on mobile genetic elements, the fitness cost of which for the cell is ameliorated during the previous antibiotic selection.

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Widespread distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in a confined animal feeding facility

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine and Wild Small Mammals in the Proximity of Swine Farms and in Natural Environments in Ontario, Canada

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine and Wild Small Mammals in the Proximity of Swine Farms and in Natural Environments in Ontario, Canada

Industrial Food Animal Production, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Human Health

Tetracycline Resistome of the Organic Pig Gut

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