Widespread decline in hydrological monitoring threatens Pan‐Arctic Research

Shiklomanov, A. I.; Lammers, Richard B.; Vörösmarty, Charles J

doi:10.1029/2002eo000007

Cited by 247 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Later, there was significant decline in gauges in Russia firstly due to population decreases in high-altitude areas, loss of qualified personnel, and insufficient financial support. The total Pan-Arctic area monitored decreased by 67% from 1986 through 1999, and in Russia the decrease was 79% (Shiklomanov et al 2002).…”

Section: Network (Gruan)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Marine Arctic Component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment

Vihma

Uotila

Sandven³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The Arctic marine climate system is changing rapidly, seen as warming of the ocean and atmosphere, decline of sea ice cover, increase in river discharge, acidification of the ocean, and changes in marine ecosystems. Socio-economic activities 20 in the coastal and marine Arctic are simultaneously changing. This calls for establishment of a marine Arctic component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (MA-PEEX). There is a need for more in-situ observations on the marine atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean, but increasing the amount of such observations is a pronounced technological and logistical challenge. The SMEAR (Station Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) concept can be applied in coastal and archipelago stations, but in the Arctic Ocean it will probably be more cost-effective to further develop a strongly distributed marine observation network 25 based on autonomous buoys, moorings, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).These have to be supported by research vessel and aircraft campaigns, as well as various coastal observations, including community-based ones. Major manned drifting stations may occasionally serve comparable to terrestrial SMEAR Flagship stations. To best utilize the observations, atmosphere-ocean reanalyses need to be further developed. To well integrate MA-PEEX with the existing terrestrial/atmospheric PEEX, focus is needed on the river discharge and associated fluxes, coastal 30 processes, as well as atmospheric transports in and out of the marine Arctic. More observations and research are also needed on the specific socio-economic challenges and opportunities in the marine and coastal Arctic, and on their interaction with changes in the climate and environmental system. MA-PEEX will promote international collaboration, sustainable marine Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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Section: Network (Gruan)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Marine Arctic Component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment

Vihma

Uotila

Sandven³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Previous articles document the inadequacy of present observational data concerning surface water [Shiklomanov et al, 2002;Alsdorfet al, 2003] .The problem is twofold: (1) inadequate data collection within many land areas, and (2) poor data access. In regard to the latter, the Global Runoff Data Centre (2004; http://grdc.bafg.de/) states: "Currently, only a few national hydrological services distribute their data in accordance with World Meteoro logical Organization resolutions which call for free and unrestricted exchange.…”

Section: Pages 185188mentioning

confidence: 99%

Space‐based measurement of river runoff

Brakenridge¹,

Nghiem²,

Anderson³

et al. 2005

EoS Transactions

119

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Observations of river inundation areas, water levels, and flow variability from orbital sensors have the potential to directly measure the runoff component of the Earth's hydrologic cycle [Birkett et al., 2002; Brakenridge et al., 1998; Sippel et al., 1994, 1998; Townsend, 2001]. A remote‐sensing‐based measurement strategy for rivers and streams is emerging: Surface water data can be collected, their accuracy evaluated, and the results disseminated without regard to political boundaries. The results can be used to address a wide variety of applications. In this article, the needs for such measurements, a river reach‐based methodology for their collection, and some sample results are presented. Because the international observational capability is increasing, some future opportunities for improving this strategy are also described.

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“…However, since the early 1990's, the number of operational gauging stations has decreased 53 markedly in the arctic, and especially for river basins located in the former USSR 54 (Shiklomanov et al, 2002). For this reason the use of models and satellite measurement in 55 conjunction with the few gauging station data sets still available is crucial to the ongoing 56 study of arctic rivers to determine how they may respond to global warming.…”

Section: Introduction 45 46mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale coupled hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of the Ob river in Siberia

Biancamaria

Bates

Boone

et al. 2009

Journal of Hydrology

125

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International audienceThe Ob river in Western Siberia is one of the largest rivers in the Arctic and has a complex hydrological cycle mainly driven by snow melting in spring and rainfall and evapotranspiration in summer/autumn. The Ob is a source of fresh water for the Arctic Ocean and a change in its regime could affect the ocean thermohaline circulation. Due to the scarcity of in situ measurements in the Arctic and the size of the region, the hydrological modelling of large Arctic rivers is difficult to perform. To model the northern part of the Ob river basin, the land surface scheme ISBA (Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere) has been coupled with the flood inundation model LISFLOOD-FP. Different sensitivity tests on input data and parameters have been performed and the results have been compared with in-situ measurements and remotely sensed observations of water level. The best modelling is obtained with a river depth of 10 meters and a Manning coefficient of 0.015: correlation and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients with in-situ measurement are equal or even slightly above (depending on the precipitation dataset used) 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. The sensitivity tests show that modelling errors are mainly linked with atmospheric input (snow and rain precipitation), snow cover and drainage parameterization for ISBA and Manning coefficient, river depth and floodplain topography for LISFLOOD-FP

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Widespread decline in hydrological monitoring threatens Pan‐Arctic Research

Cited by 247 publications

References 4 publications

Towards the Marine Arctic Component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment

Towards the Marine Arctic Component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment

Space‐based measurement of river runoff

Large-scale coupled hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of the Ob river in Siberia

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