The human brain is not specialized to deal with 20th-century media. There is no neural function or anatomical region designed to help humans differentiate mediated and unmediated experience and to change mental processing accordingly. People are certainly capable of telling the difference between a picture and real life, but this is a thoughtful response, and it is preceded and constrained by responses that are automatic and not unique to media. When we see a gory television news clip, for example, we may thoughtfully judge that it is not real and that it requires no immediate action (e.g., we don't need to run from the room or render assistance to victims), but all such thoughtful judgments can be influenced by primitive reactions to the pictures as reality. In the news example, we are repulsed by gore, whether pictorial or real, and this response will influence how we assign meaning to the message. the focus of the present experiment. From a biological perspective, emotions are neurophysiological circuits in the brain that regulate approach and avoidance by engaging neural pathways associated with each (Lang, 1995). The influence of emotions, however, is not confined to primitive circuits in the brain. Emotions play an important role in a range of behaviors, including attention, memory, perception, and physical action, and they can be expressed behaviorally, linguistically, and physiologically. on the effects of media content. This research includes effects of pornography, erotica, violence, and negative information in news, political ads, and public service announcements. The similarity between mediated and unmediated experience is the basis for the successful application of psychological theories about emotion to the pictures and words that can only represent experiences and phenomena not actually present. If mediated presentations of real-world A significant primitive response for which the brain is specialized is emotion,
Most research about mediated communication and emotion has concentratedBenjamin H.