“…However, these devices are complicated to fabricate. The metasurface is an unconventional method for controlling the phase, amplitude, and polarization of EM waves based on the generalized Snell's law (Yu et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2021a). The subwavelength structure, ultra-thin thickness, and low cost make it widely used in various fields, such as broad diffusion (Wang et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2015a), beam steering (Zhang et al, 2018), polarization conversion (Cheng et al, 2014), cloaking (Tan et al, 2022) and focusing (Cai et al, 2020;Hao et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2021).…”