Wideband optical fiber amplifier with short length of enhanced erbium–zirconia–yttria–aluminum co-doped fiber

Gain‐clamping in L‐band zirconium–erbium co‐doped fiber amplifier with FBG based lasing control

“…The different fabrication parameters of modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) coupled with solution doping (SD) was optimized to achieve a preform with moderately uniform dopant distribution along with the fiber core. 7,18 Zr-EDF used in this study has the cutoff wavelength of 1075 nm and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.17. 16,17 The erbium-doping along the Zr-EDF is uniform since other fiber section of Zr-EDF also provides the same performances.…”

“…Two pump laser diodes operating at 980 nm were used to pump Zr-EDF in forward and backward directions to provide high gain and high output power with a relatively flattened gain spectrum. In the previous studies, 7,[16][17][18][19] several different lengths of heavily doped Zr-EDFs between 0.5 and 4 m have been characterized regarding their spectral gain and NF performances.…”

“…1,2 Considering that silica fibers have a wide low loss spectral band between approximately 1400-1700 nm, it is understood that ultra-broadband amplifiers are needed for long distance DWDM systems to reach their maximum capacity. [3][4][5][6][7] In the last few years, therefore, further research has been focused on developing broadband fiber optical amplifiers with high gain efficiency, high output power, gain clamping and gain flattening capabilities to cope with the increasing capacity demand experienced in optically amplified broadband optical communication systems and distribution networks. 8,9 Apart from conventional band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (C-EDFA or shortly EDFA), one of the new research area of broadband optical amplifiers is to develop high performance erbium-doped fiber amplifiers operating in L band (L-EDFA).…”

“…As an alternative promising rare earth doped fiber type to the recent results is Zirconia-Yttria-Alumino co-doped Erbium-doped fiber(Zr-EDF) and therefore, it was investigated as an active gain medium in doped fiber amplifiers in detail. 7,[16][17][18] Zr-EDF can easily be spliced with SMF due to the similarity in melting temperature. Also, Zr-EDF amplifier (Zr-EDFA) can be heavily doped with erbium and has a very high pump conversion efficiency requiring a shorter active fiber length for amplification in L-band when it is compared with a conventional L-EDFA.…”

Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

“…The bandwidth of the conventional amplifier limits the capacity of the DWDM system. Thus, the development of new optical amplifiers that can realise a wide bandwidth and cover the full range of DWDM systems has received considerable attention [8–10].…”