“…In this situation, a 3D propagation characterization can improve the accuracy of the channel model. The viability of 3D V2V GBSMs based on the two-cylinder model, as an extension of the onecylinder model proposed by Aulin for F2M systems (Aulin, 1979), has been verified by Zajic et al from channel measurements in urban and expressway environments (Zajic et al, 2009). …”
“…Although the V2V models cited in this section permit a wideband characterization, they only consider propagation mechanism in the horizontal plane. The assumption of horizontal propagation can be accomplished for vehicular communications in rural areas (Zajic & Stüber, 2009), whereas it can be questionable in urban environments, in which the height of the transmitting and the receiving antennas is lower than the surrounding buildings, or where the urban orography determines that the transmitter is at a different height than the receiver. For non-directional antennas in the vertical plane, the scattered/diffracted waves from the tops of buildings to the receiver located on the street are not necessarily in the horizontal plane.…”
“…In this situation, a 3D propagation characterization can improve the accuracy of the channel model. The viability of 3D V2V GBSMs based on the two-cylinder model, as an extension of the onecylinder model proposed by Aulin for F2M systems (Aulin, 1979), has been verified by Zajic et al from channel measurements in urban and expressway environments (Zajic et al, 2009). …”
“…Although the V2V models cited in this section permit a wideband characterization, they only consider propagation mechanism in the horizontal plane. The assumption of horizontal propagation can be accomplished for vehicular communications in rural areas (Zajic & Stüber, 2009), whereas it can be questionable in urban environments, in which the height of the transmitting and the receiving antennas is lower than the surrounding buildings, or where the urban orography determines that the transmitter is at a different height than the receiver. For non-directional antennas in the vertical plane, the scattered/diffracted waves from the tops of buildings to the receiver located on the street are not necessarily in the horizontal plane.…”
“…However, in this section, we further demonstrate the flexibility and usefulness of our approach by adapting the theoretical LCR to empirical presented in [16]. The measurement environments were an urban street area and a US interstate highway.…”
Section: Model Validationmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Three dimensional (3-D) multipath scattering was considered in [15] with similar double bouncing as in [11]. Extensions of [12] to account for 3-D scattering can be viewed in [16] and [17], with scatterers' mobility to be additionally incorporated in [18]. Extension of [13] to incorporate 3-D scattering can be viewed in [19].…”
Section: B Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Models (Gscm)mentioning
We present a generic statistical characterization of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V-V) wireless channel by adopting a stochastic modeling approach. Our approach is based on the doubly underspread (DU) property of non-wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (non-WSSUS) wireless channels, with V-V channels pertaining to this category. DU channels exhibit explicit frequency and time intervals over which they are approximated as WSSUS. We call these intervals restricted time interval (RTI) and restricted bandwidth (RBW), and variations taking place inside them are characterized as small scale variations. Large scale variations take place outside RTI and RBW. In this paper, we focus on small scale variations, thus, our modeling finds its applicability within RTI and RBW. As practical V-V channels exhibit rapid
“…In recent years several research papers have presented mobile and vehicular channel models that try to reflect the continuously changing conditions of the environment (60,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133).…”
Section: Mobile and Vehicular Channel Modelsmentioning
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