Wideband frequency reconfigurable Koch snowflake fractal antenna

Abstract

In this study, a Koch snowflake frequency reconfigurable antenna for wideband applications is presented including experimental verification. The frequency reconfigurable approach is obtained for UHF band using RF PIN diodes, lumped capacitor and inductors. Proposed antenna is compact, therefore, it can be used as an array element. It has three measured frequency bands. These bands are: case I, 3.34– 4.52 GHz (30%); case II, 2.2–3.4 GHz (43%); and case III, 1.45–4.1 GHz (95.49%). In cases I and II, two different bands are obtained and case III covers almost the frequency band of case I and case II. Thus, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna provides continuous wideband frequency coverage from 1.45 to 4.52 GHz (103%). In addition, the measurements are carried out to validate the performance of the antenna. The proposed antenna has good agreement between simulated and measured results with reasonably low cross polarisation.

Fractal Antennas: An Historical Perspective

“…Small monopole antennas based on the Koch curve have also been analyzed and compared to linear monopoles [60][61][62]. Slot antennas based on the Koch fractal, UWB, and energy harvesting applications have been also analyzed in [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Compact-Size Fractal Antenna with Stable Radiation Properties for Wi-Fi and WiMAX Communications

“…Three conductive layers in the structure of the mushroom metamaterial used in the substrate-integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna in [11] has a complex structure and covers only the upper band used for Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications. The frequency range (1.5-4)GHz with LP radiation by using Koch snowflake fractal shaped antenna reported in [12], the geometry of the fractal antenna is, the overall size of the antenna is 80x40x1.58 mm. [13] designed a Minkowski model fractal loop monopole antenna fabricated on an FR4 substrate with an overall size of 10 mm × 45 mm × 0.8 mm.…”

Fractal Antennas for Wireless Communications

“…There are many geometries used in designing fractal antennas such as: Fractal slot [2], Giuseppe Peano Fractal Geometries [3], Fractal loop [4], Fractal Cantor [5], Minkowski Fractal [6], Koch Fractal [7], H-Fractal [8], Sierpinski gasket arrangement [9], Fern Fractal leaf [10], Mandelbrot Fractal antenna [11], Amer fractal slot [12], Sunflower Fractal [13], Flame Fractal [14] and Butterfly Structure [15].…”