Wideband Direction-of-Arrival Estimation With Arbitrary Array via Coherent Annihilating

Abstract

In this paper, a new wideband DOA estimation method for arbitrary array application is proposed. The arbitrary array manifold is approximately decomposed under the concept of manifold separation technique (MST) and a linear combination of the equal interval sampling complex exponentials (EISCE) can be synthesized. Since the EISCEs at all frequencies contain the same DOA information, they can be annihilated by the same spatial annihilating filter. So, the coherent annihilating scheme is proposed, and all narrowband components are coherently combined to construct an optimization problem under the structural total least squares framework. During the optimization problem construction, the general solution method is proposed to enable the model approximation error in MST to be reduced to a negligible level. Finally, the optimization problem is solved through the multiple measurement vectors structural total least norm (MMV-STLN) approach and the DOAs are estimated from the reconstructed spatial annihilating filter. The new method is free of frequency focusing and is capable of handling both incoherent and coherent signals.The simulation results verify that the proposed method surpasses the existing methods largely in resolution and estimation performance under the low SNR, snapshot deficient, and closely spaced sources scenarios.INDEX TERMS Coherent annihilating, general solution method, low SNR and snapshot deficient scenarios, multiple measurement vectors structural total least norm (MMV-STLN), wideband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation.

Refinement of Direction of Arrival Estimators by Majorization-Minimization Optimization on the Array Manifold

“…linear, the MUSIC criterion can be solved by polynomial rooting [12,13]. Extensions to arbitrary arrays and the wideband setting exists via array interpolation [14] and finite rate of innovation [15,16]. Recently, several deep learning based systems have been proposed [17,18].…”

Direction of Arrival Estimation of Wideband Sources Using Sparse Linear Arrays

“…We noticed that in the recent paper [54], the authors also used the Jacobi-Anger expansion for wideband DoA estimation with an arbitrary array geometry. Different from our work, which is based on the difference co-array, their work only considered wideband DoA estimation based on the physical array directly.…”

“…This implicates that the proposed method cannot resolve more sources than the number of physical antennas, while our method can achieve this, and can even resolve more sources than the number of DoF of the difference co-array with an additional assumption about the signal power spectrum. Furthermore, the method in [54] used a coherent annihilating filter to achieve wideband DoA estimation, where an initial estimate of the DoAs is required to compute the coefficients of the annihilating filter. This means that the method is still signal dependent, while our proposed method is totally signal independent.…”