Wideband 4 × 4 Butler Matrix in the Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Afifi, Islam; Sebak, Abdel-Razik

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2981716

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Afifi et al reported a wideband Butler matrix using ridge gap waveguide technology. The structure presents 21.25% bandwidth, which shows about three times more bandwidth than the reported counterparts [45]. A novel 4 × 4 Butler matrix with a wide fractional bandwidth of 56.4% and compact size is presented in [98].…”

Section: Extending the Frequency Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To support the ever-increasing demand on connectivity and datarates, multiple beam antennas are identified as a critical technology for the fifth generation (5G), the sixth generation (6G) and more generally beyond 5G (B5G) wireless communication links in both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). To reduce the cost and power consumption, there is a marked industrial interest in adopting analogue multiple beam antenna array technology. A key sub-system in many of such antenna arrays is the circuit type multiple beamforming network (BFN). This has led to a significantly renewed interest in and new technological developments of Butler matrices, Blass matrices, and Nolen matrices as well as hybrid structures, mostly at millimeter-wave frequencies. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive analysis and comparison of circuit type multiple BFNs have been properly reported with focus on 5 G and 6 G applications to date. In this paper, the principle of operation, design, and implementation of different circuit type multiple BFNs are discussed and compared. The suitability of these sub-systems for 5 G and B5G antenna arrays is reviewed. Major technology and research challenges are highlighted. It is expected that this review paper will facilitate further innovation and developments in this important field.INDEX TERMS Fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), beyond 5G (B5G), multiple beam antenna arrays, circuit type beamforming networks (BFNs), Blass matrix, Butler matrix, Nolen matrix, terrestrial network (TN), non-terrestrial network (NTN).This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. GUO ET AL.: CIRCUIT TYPE MULTIPLE BEAMFORMING NETWORKS FOR ANTENNA ARRAYS FIGURE 1. General Layout of a multibeam cellular antenna using 1D circuit type BFNs.

show abstract

Section: Extending the Frequency Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the more attractive network to produce multi-beam radiation is the Butler matrix. For millimeter-wave applications, this beamforming network has been implemented in different waveguide technologies such as substrate integrated waveguide [1], rectangular waveguide [2], groove gap waveguide (GGW) [3] and printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) [4]. In all the previous works, a phase shifter in the corresponding technology has had to be designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband Gap-Waveguide Phase Shifter Based on a Glide-Symmetric Ridge

Palomares‐Caballero¹,

Megías²,

Molero³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a gap-waveguide phase shifter based on ridged unit cell with glide-symmetric configuration. The proposed unit cell design provides higher phase shift compared with a conventional ridged unit cell whose ridge height and waveguide width are tuned to achieve a stable phase shift. Through the insertion of glide-symmetric holes with semi-circle base in the ridged waveguide, a stable phase shift in a wide frequency range is achieved. Depending on the radii of the holes, the stable phase shift can be covered the desired frequency range. A 90o phase shifter in millimeter-wave range is designed in order to validate the analysis. The impedance bandwidth of the phase shifter is from 32 GHz to 42.5 GHz (28.18%) providing a phase shift of 90o+- 2o in the entire frequency range.

show abstract

“…21 An integrated scanning beam antenna with double-layer BM is proposed, which reduces the complexity of a largescale multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. 22 In Afifi and Sebak, 23 the printed ridge gap waveguide is used to build wideband components to realize a broadband BM. In Wen et al, 24 a broadband switchable beam antenna is designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scanning beam antenna fed by a 7 × 8 Butler matrix for 5G applications

Zhang

Zhou

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 7 Â 8 Butler matrix (BM) beam-forming network operating at Ka-band is proposed to feed a 8 Â 8 slot array. By merging the two central input ports of the BM into one port, the BM can provide output signals with equal phase, thereby generating a boresight beam. Measured results show that the proposed antenna has impedance bandwidth of 29.5-30.5 GHz, while the gain lies in the range of 14.7-21.8 dBi. Seven beams are realized, including a boresight beam, covering the range from À58 to 58 . In order to verify this concept, the feeding network and antenna are designed and manufactured. The measured results are in good agreement with simulation. It is a capable candidate for 5G mobile terminal applications.

show abstract

Wideband 4 × 4 Butler Matrix in the Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Wideband Gap-Waveguide Phase Shifter Based on a Glide-Symmetric Ridge

A scanning beam antenna fed by a 7 × 8 Butler matrix for 5G applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About