Wide‐Field Three‐Dimensional Depth‐Invariant Cellular‐Resolution Imaging of the Human Retina

Abstract

Three‐dimensional (3D) cellular‐resolution imaging of the living human retina over a large field of view will bring a great impact in clinical ophthalmology, potentially finding new biomarkers for early diagnosis and improving the pathophysiological understanding of ocular diseases. While hardware‐based and computational adaptive optics (AO) optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been developed to achieve cellular‐resolution retinal imaging, these approaches support limited 3D imaging fields, and their high cost and intrinsic hardware complexity limit their practical utility. Here, this work demonstrates 3D depth‐invariant cellular‐resolution imaging of the living human retina over a 3 × 3 mm field of view using the first intrinsically phase‐stable multi‐MHz retinal swept‐source OCT and novel computational defocus and aberration correction methods. Single‐acquisition imaging of photoreceptor cells, retinal nerve fiber layer, and retinal capillaries is presented across unprecedented imaging fields. By providing wide‐field 3D cellular‐resolution imaging in the human retina using a standard point‐scan architecture routinely used in the clinic, this platform proposes a strategy for expanded utilization of high‐resolution retinal imaging in both research and clinical settings.

Interfacial Engineering of Heterogeneous Reactions for MOF‐on‐MOF Heterostructures

“…Similarly, Lee and his colleagues reported that the exposed lattice in Zr-based UiO-67 (Cubic, a = 26.92 Å) closely resembled the hexagonal lattice observed in the ab-plane of Ga-based MIL-88D (Figure 2f). [113] Therefore, the exposed hexagonal lattice of UiO-67 as a template, facilitating the perpendicular growth of MIL-88D in the c-direction. SEM images showed that UiO-67 had the shape of a 3D octahedron, and the growth of MIL-88D on the template of UiO-67 yielded an urchin-like UiO-67@MIL-88D with a uniform elemental distribution of zirconium and gallium in Figure 2g-i.…”

“…Meanwhile, it will expose the labile coordination bonds to coordinating molecules and decrease the mechanical stability of the MOFs. Fe-MOF@Ga-MOF Fe-MIL-88B Ga-MIL-88B Cationic radius [108] Fe-MOF@In-MOF Fe-MIL-88B In-MIL-88B Cationic radius [109] Cu(II)-tpt-on-Cu(I)-tpt Cu(I)-tpt Cu(II)-tpt Valence state of the metal ions [111] MIL-88B-on-UiO-66 UiO-66 MIL-88B Valence state of the metal ions [112] UiO-67@MIL-88D UiO-67 MIL-88D Valence state of the metal ions [113] MIL-68@MIL-68-NO HKUST-1@MOF-5 HKUST-1 MOF-5 Lattice match [129] HKUST-1@Ga-MIL-88B HKUST-1 Ga-MIL-88B Lattice match [130] Fe-BDC-on-MOF-801…”

“…SEM images of g) UiO-67, h) UiO-67@MIL-88D, i) HAADF-STEM, and elemental mapping images of UiO-67@MIL-88D. Reproduced with permission [113]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH.…”