“…It was discovered that these two signals are affected by two different properties of the optical beam, the former predominantly by the polarization amplitude and the latter by the phase. By utilizing these two characteristics, the developed system is able to detect a very small change of refractive index over a wide dynamic range [78].…”
Section: Spr Biosensor With Functionalized Au Npsmentioning
Nanoparticle technology plays a key role in providing opportunities and possibilities for the development of new generation of sensing tools. The targeted sensing of selective biomolecules using functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has become a major research thrust in the last decade. Au NP-based sensors are expected to change the very foundations of sensing and detecting biomolecules. In this review, we will discuss the use of surface functionalized Au NPs for smart sensor fabrication leading to detection of specific biomolecules and heavy metal ions.
“…It was discovered that these two signals are affected by two different properties of the optical beam, the former predominantly by the polarization amplitude and the latter by the phase. By utilizing these two characteristics, the developed system is able to detect a very small change of refractive index over a wide dynamic range [78].…”
Section: Spr Biosensor With Functionalized Au Npsmentioning
Nanoparticle technology plays a key role in providing opportunities and possibilities for the development of new generation of sensing tools. The targeted sensing of selective biomolecules using functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has become a major research thrust in the last decade. Au NP-based sensors are expected to change the very foundations of sensing and detecting biomolecules. In this review, we will discuss the use of surface functionalized Au NPs for smart sensor fabrication leading to detection of specific biomolecules and heavy metal ions.
“…Thus, it is quite difficult to pick up useful information from the phase of the TE 0 component. In practical experiments, we employ a phase detection scheme using a photo-elastic modulator (PEM) [16,17], for example, in which the signal from the PEM is stable enough as a reference in phase modulation measurement.…”
Abstract-We present an idea of grating-based plasmon biosensor utilizing phase detection to realize high resolution in finding a refractive index of a material put on the surface of a metal grating. Considering a trade-off between high resolution and experimental practicability, we show a table of recommended setup that covers a wide range of the index. Keeping the diffraction efficiency no less than 10 −3 and assuming the resolution in phase detection to be 2.5 × 10 −2 degrees, we estimate the resolution of the biosensor as 7.5×10 −7 refractive index units. We also discuss the possible improvement to realize a predicted superior limit of resolution around 10 −8 refractive index units.
“…The SPR and SPRI biosensors have been applied in molecular biology for the detection of proteins with a LOD ranging from picomolar to nanomolar [235][236][237][238][239][240], and detection of DNA molecules [130,[241][242][243] with the LOD as low as 54 fM with a flow injection device and as low as 1 fM when aided by signal amplification through gold nanoparticles [147,244]. Most of them are based on prism coupling design, such as Biocore series (Biocore X to Biocore 4000), SR series (7000 and 7500), Autolab SPR, Plasmonic, Spreeta, Nanofilm, Multiskop.…”
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