Wide CPW-Fed Multiband Wearable Monopole Antenna with Extended Grounds for GSM/WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Abstract

A novel wide coplanar waveguide- (CPW-) fed multiband wearable monopole antenna is presented. The multiband operation is achieved by generating slanted monopoles of different lengths from an isosceles triangular patch. The different operating frequencies of the proposed antenna are associated with the lengths of the slanted monopoles, which are determined under quarter wavelength resonance condition. The CPW line is used as a multiband impedance-matching structure. The two grounds are slightly extended for better impedance matching. The proposed antenna is designed to cover the 1800 MHz GSM, 2.4 GHz/5.2 GHz WLAN, and 3.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The measured peak gains and impedance bandwidths are about 4.18/3.83/2.6/2.94 dBi and 410/260/170/520 MHz for the 1550-1960 MHz/2.3-2.56 GHz/3.4-3.57 GHz/5.0-5.52 GHz bands, respectively. The calculated averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) values at all the resonant frequencies are well below the standard limit of 2 W/kg, which ensures its feasibility for wearable applications. The antenna performance under different bending configurations is investigated and the results are presented. The reflection coefficient characteristics of the proposed antenna is also measured for different on-arm conditions and the results are compared. A good agreement between experimental and simulation results validates the proposed design approach.

Wearable Triband E-Shaped Dipole Antenna with Low SAR for IoT Applications

“…Then, for the purpose of comparison, a Duke full-body model was used. A custom three-layer body model consisting of muscle, fat and skin was used [36][37][38]. The electrical characteristics of the tissues were frequency dispersive.…”

Design of CPW fed multiband antenna for wearable wireless body area network applications

“…For calculating the admissible SAR values of an antenna, either a single or multilayer human tissue or phantom models are used. 14,16,19,26,31,33,42,43 The performance of the antenna under bent and deformed conditions must also be evaluated which might degrade due to change in the relative parameters. A remarkable and well-known trivia observed is that there is a deviation in resonant frequency under bending conditions.…”

“…A remarkable and well-known trivia observed is that there is a deviation in resonant frequency under bending conditions. The onbody effects and the bending performance are analyzed in References 14,16,19,26,28,31,33,37,41,43. Considering the above attributes for flexible and wearable antenna design, this communication presents a wearable and flexible multiband antenna for WBAN applications. The proposed antenna provides a new lowprofile multiband frequency band of operation which covers a number of well-recognized frequency bands providing resonance at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, respectively.…”

“…In Reference 32, a wearable antenna design for multi frequency bands using metal rim structures is proposed but the antenna is designed on hard FR4 substrate and is not suitable for curved body surfaces. A quad‐band wearable antenna with slots is investigated in Reference 33 and presented with low SAR values. In Reference 34, a multiband wearable antenna is proposed and in Reference 35 a quadband antenna for WBAN applications is proposed but the design lacks SAR and flexibility analysis.…”

CPW-Fed Compact Multiband Monopole Antenna for Wlan/Wimax/X-Band Application

“…With the development of multiple wireless communications standards, group of engineers focus their interests on how to design multiband antennas that can be integrated as many standards such as WLAN, WiMAX, and satellite communication as possible into a single wireless terminal device. In order to meet these requirements, various types of promising multiband antenna designs were studied in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Planar printed monopole antennas with various structures in [1][2][3] have become popular candidates in multi-frequency applications for its advantages of low-cost, low-profile, and easy fabrication, whereas the antenna size is relatively large which is not suitable to be installed in mobile wireless terminals.…”