Wide-bandwidth electron bolometric mixers: a 2DEG prototype and potential for low-noise THz receivers

Yang, J.-X.; Agahi, F.; Dai, De-Chang; Musante, C.; Grammer, W.; Lau, Kei May; Yngvesson, K. S.

doi:10.1109/22.231649

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In low−dimensional semiconductor structures, the elec− tron−phonon interaction can be substantially increased (t de− creased) and, thus, these structures can be considered as fre− quency converters with higher IFs and wider bandwidth up to 10 9 Hz [123][124][125]. Direct measurements of photores− ponse relaxation in mm wave−band have shown that the re− laxation t is about 0.5 ns in the temperature range T = 4.2-20 K [126].…”

Section: Semiconducting Vs Superconducting Hot-electron Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz radiation sensors

Сизов

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of terahertz (THz) radiation detectors are discussed. The paper is written for those readers who desire an analysis of the latest developments in different type of THz radiation sensors (detectors), which play an increasing role in different areas of human activity (e.g., security, biological, drugs and explosions detection, imaging, astronomy applications, etc.). The basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors are discussed. More details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers, and field-effect transistor detectors. Also the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are discussed.

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Section: Semiconducting Vs Superconducting Hot-electron Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz radiation sensors

Сизов

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…D can be estimated by using the measured temperature dependence of the mobility. 6 Under optimum mixing conditions, the electric field was 150 V/cm, the bias current 3 mA, and the mobility 60 000 cm 2 /V s. 6,7 Assuming that the Einstein relation is at least approximately valid, we find D ϭ500 cm 2 /s. This value is close to values measured in similar 2DEG samples.…”

Section: ͓S0003-6951͑00͒00306-5͔mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another semiconductor medium, the two-dimensional electron gas ͑2DEG͒ at an AlGaAs/GaAs interface, was later shown to be capable of bandwidths up to 3 GHz. 6,7 The 2DEG HEB mixer was demonstrated by performing measurements at 94 GHz, but has not subsequently been implemented for THz use. Partly, this is due to the very successful development of THz HEBs consisting of thin-film superconductors ͓Nb ͑Ref.…”

Section: ͓S0003-6951͑00͒00306-5͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will assume n s ϭ3ϫ10 11 cm Ϫ2 . The dimensions of the device used by Yang et al 7 were Lϭ5 m by Wϭ50 m. For this device the IF bandwidth was measured to be 3 GHz, while the devices used by Yang et al 6 yielded B G ϭ1.8 GHz. We will assume the former value, which translates to a thermal time constant ͑energy relaxation time͒ ϭ50 ps.…”

Section: ͓S0003-6951͑00͒00306-5͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast two-dimensional electron gas detector and mixer for terahertz radiation

Yngvesson

2000

Applied Physics Letters

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A hot-electron bolometric detector and mixer (heterodyne detector), which uses the nonlinearities of the heated two-dimensional electron gas medium, is proposed and analyzed. The cooling process of the detector is through diffusion of the electrons into the contacts; a time constant of 1 ps and responsivity of 3000 V/W are calculated for a device which is 0.8 μm long. The predicted double-sideband receiver noise temperature for the mixer version is in the range 1000–2000 K at 1 THz, with a 100 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth. The operating temperature would be 77 K and the local oscillator power 1 μW.

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“…However, owing to the inertness of the cooling of hot charge car riers through the interaction with phonons or diffusion cooling, the device transmission band is no wider than 10 GHz. Mixers on a two dimensional electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor heterostructures [5,6] constitute an alternative type of bolometric hetero dyne detectors operating at temperatures of up to 80 K. The maximum attainable transmission band for the case of the cooling of hot charge carriers on the optical phonons of the lattice is 4 GHz [5][6][7]. The transmission bands for the cases of the cooling of hot charge carriers owing to their diffusion and ballistic emission to the contacts are 20 [8] and 40 GHz [9], respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Millimeter/submillimeter mixing based on the nonlinear plasmon response of two-dimensional electron systems

et al. 2009

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In recent years, the millimeter/submillimeter wavelength range (terahertz radiation) has attracted the increased interest of researchers [1]. This interest is partially explained by a number of surprising prop erties of radiation of this range. Terahertz radiation penetrates without noticeable damping through a number of subjects nontransparent for visible light and does not have an ionizing action detrimental to living systems. A number of chemical reagents have unique spectral features in this range, which can be used to recognize substances. Moreover, the investigations of space submillimeter radiation make it possible to obtain much information on the content, origin, and evolution of the galaxies of the universe. The insuffi cient technological capability of this range hinders the active development of investigations and applications in the terahertz range. Cheap miniature tunable detec tors and oscillators are almost absent in the terahertz frequency range, because the physical principles underlying the operation of microwave and light devices become invalid in this wavelength range. The aim of this work is to propose and test a new physical principle for creating electronic devices, which can be widely applied in the detection systems for millime ter/submillimeter radiation.Heterodyne detectors are the most widely used receivers of terahertz radiation. The operation princi ple of heterodyne detectors is that the electromagnetic radiation from a subject under investigation is mixed with radiation of a known frequency from a hetero dyne source and is directed to a nonlinear element. A signal at the intermediate frequency ∆f, which is the difference between the frequencies of radiation from the heterodyne source and the object under investiga tion, is detected on the nonlinear element. Thus, the spectroscopy of radiation emitted by the object under investigation is performed. A Schottky diode [2] is the most widespread nonlinear element of the heterodyne schemes. Its operation is based on the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristic of the Schottky junction (metal-semiconductor junction). The disad vantages of the heterodyne schemes based on the Schottky diode are a narrow bandwidth (1 GHz) and a high absorbing power from the heterodyne source (1 mW). Mixers based on a superconductor-insula tor-superconductor junction (SIS mixers) constitute another widespread class of heterodyne detectors [3]. This class of mixers has record sensitivity and noise temperature parameters. The principle of their opera tion is based on the strongly nonlinear behavior of the current-voltage characteristic of the SIS junction at voltages at which the tunneling of Cooper pairs from one superconductor to another begins. The main dis advantage of this class of mixers is a very low working temperature of about 4.2 K, which strongly compli cates working with them. Bolometers constitute the third type of nonlinear elements used in the hetero dyne schemes. The mechanism of the operation of bolometers is based on the heating of...

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Wide-bandwidth electron bolometric mixers: a 2DEG prototype and potential for low-noise THz receivers

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

THz radiation sensors

THz radiation sensors

Ultrafast two-dimensional electron gas detector and mixer for terahertz radiation

Millimeter/submillimeter mixing based on the nonlinear plasmon response of two-dimensional electron systems

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