Wide-angle point-to-point x-ray imaging with almost arbitrarily large angles of incidence

Bitter, M.; Hill, K. W.; Scott, Steve; Feder, R.; Ko, Jinseok; Ince‐Cushman, A.; Rice, J. E.

doi:10.1063/1.2965010

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(6) in Ref. [4], must be satisfied for the rays between the two crystals. Equation (3) is evidently different from Eq.…”

Section: Special Requirements For X Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper [4] we described an imaging scheme which eliminates astigmatism by the use of two spherically bent crystals or spherical mirrors and thus provides point-to-point imaging with almost arbitrarily large angles of incidence. This imaging scheme can be applied to a broad spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation, including microwaves, infrared and visible light, UV and extreme UV radiation, and x rays; and it may also be applicable to imaging with ultrasound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the applicability of this imaging scheme to x rays was discussed in Ref. [4], the conditions, which must be satisfied for x rays, were not given in sufficient detail. An exact definition of these conditions is now given in the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-astigmatic imaging with matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors

Bitter

Hill

Jones

et al. 2009

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology

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This paper defines the exact conditions for the application of a previously proposed, general, non-astigmatic, imaging scheme, consisting of a matched pair of spherically bent crystals or reflectors, to x rays. These conditions lead to two specific experimental arrangements, of which one can provide large magnifications. Potential applications include the x-ray diagnosis of laser-produced plasmas and x-ray imaging of, e.g., biological samples, using the highly monochromatic radiation at synchrotron light sources. The results obtained for x rays are, however, valid for a wide spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation so that, for instance, an application of one of the imaging schemes to lithography in the EUV wavelength range should also be possible, if the spherically bent crystals are replaced by appropriate spherical reflectors. Also described is the design of an x-ray crystal spectrometer, which meets the here defined, necessary requirements for the observation of the x-ray spectra of helium-like argon.Keywords: Non-astigmatic imaging, large angles of incidence and uniform magnification, imaging of biological samples, EUV lithography, x-ray diagnosis of laser-produced plasmas, monochromatic radiation from synchrotron light sources

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“…(6) in Ref. [4], must be satisfied for the rays between the two crystals. Equation (3) is evidently different from Eq.…”

Section: Special Requirements For X Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-astigmatic imaging with matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors

Bitter

Hill

Jones

et al. 2009

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology

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“…The differences reside not only in the spectrometer dimensions and layouts, and the detectors used (to obtain high throughput as well as high time and spatial resolution for the duration of a plasma discharge of several seconds) but also in the fact that the astigmatism of the spherically bent crystal can be used with advantage because of the symmetry due to the toroidal magnetic field and uniformity of the x-ray emission along the toroidal magnetic field. We also present supplementary information on imaging schemes, where the astigmatism has been eliminated by the use of matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors [13,14]. These imaging schemes, which are still in the early stages of development and testing, should be applicable to a wide spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging with spherically bent crystals or reflectors

Bitter

Delgado‐Aparicio

Hill

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract.This paper consists of two parts: Part I describes the working principle of a recently developed x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, where the astigmatism of spherically bent crystals is being used with advantage to record spatially resolved spectra of highly charged ions for Doppler measurements of the ion-temperature and toroidal plasmarotation-velocity profiles in tokamak plasmas. This type of spectrometer was thoroughly tested on NSTX and Alcator C-Mod, and its concept was recently adopted for the design of the ITER crystal spectrometers. Part II describes imaging schemes, where the astigmatism has been eliminated by the use of matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors. These imaging schemes are applicable over a wide range of the electromagnetic radiation, which includes microwaves, visible light, EUV radiation, and x-rays. Potential applications with EUV radiation and x-rays are the diagnosis of laserproduced plasmas, imaging of biological samples with synchrotron radiation, and lithography.2

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“…We have recently proposed different types of imaging schemes, [9][10][11] where the astigmatism can be fully eliminated by the use of two spherically bent crystals (or reflectors), so that stigmatic imaging is possible for almost arbitrary Bragg angles or angles of incidence. In this paper, we describe a new scheme which is related to these earlier schemes and which can provide images with a large magnification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Scheme for Stigmatic X-ray Imaging with Large Magnification

Bitter¹,

Delgado-Aprico²,

Pablant³

et al. 2012

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This paper describes a new x-ray scheme for stigmatic imaging. The scheme consists of one convex spherically bent crystal and one concave spherically bent crystal. The radii of curvature and Bragg reflecting lattice planes of the two crystals are properly matched to eliminate the astigmatism, so that the conditions for stigmatic imaging are met for a particular wavelength. The magnification is adjustable and solely a function of the two Bragg angles or angles of incidence. Although the choice of Bragg angles is constrained by the availability of crystals, this is not a severe limitation for the imaging of plasmas, since a particular wavelength can be selected from the bremsstrahlung continuum. The working principle of this imaging scheme has been verified with visible light. Further tests with x rays are planned for the near future.

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Wide-angle point-to-point x-ray imaging with almost arbitrarily large angles of incidence

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Non-astigmatic imaging with matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors

Non-astigmatic imaging with matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors

Imaging with spherically bent crystals or reflectors

A New Scheme for Stigmatic X-ray Imaging with Large Magnification

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