Wide-angle monostatic RCS enhancement using symmetrical periodic structures

Pesarakloo, Ali; Khalaj‐Amirhosseini, Mohammad

doi:10.1080/09205071.2021.1927201

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These incident angles correspond to negative Floquet modes and their number depends on the periodicity of the structure. The relationship between the incident angle, mode number, and periodicity can be derived as follows [20]:…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum efficiency, which occurs within the angular range of 15°≤θi≤50°, is determined to be 12%. In [20], a quantity called () i E  is introduced, representing the average enhancement of the retroreflector's RCS compared to a metal plate with the same dimensions, across a range of elevation incident angles () i  for a specified azimuth incident angle () i  . In this case, the obtained value of E is 19.114.…”

Section: A Wide-angle Retroreflectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wideband/Wide-Angle Planar Single-Layer Retroreflector Using Double Gradient Metasurfaces

Pesarakloo,

Khalaj-Amirhosseini

2023

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a new type of metasurface called Double Gradient Metasurface (DGM) is proposed, which can be used to implement a planar and low-profile retroreflector with a continuous wide incident angle range or a wide frequency width. The proposed structure consists of a set of supercells with a number of unitcells embedded into them. The design is performed based on the array factor method, taking into account the periodicity gradient of supercells and the phase gradient of unitcells. To validate the proposed method, two retroreflector prototypes with a thickness approximately equal to 0.04λₒ are designed and fabricated. The first prototype is designed for a continuous wide incident angle view from 15° to 50° at 10 GHz. The second prototype is designed for a wide frequency range from 9GHz to 11 GHz at an incident angle of 20°.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Wide-angle Retroreflectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband/Wide-Angle Planar Single-Layer Retroreflector Using Double Gradient Metasurfaces

Pesarakloo,

Khalaj-Amirhosseini

2023

IEEE Access

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“…As can be seen, the proposed retroreflector can realize the retroreflectivity property with a continuous wide incident angle view from to within a stable 3 dB RCS level in the frequency range of 8.5–10 GHz (approximately 17%) for both TE and TM polarization. In 20 , a quantity is presented to measure the RCS enhancement of a retroreflector. This quantity called represents the average of RCS enhancement of the retroreflector relative to a metal plate with the same dimensions on a range of elevation incident angles ( ) for a specified azimuth incident angle ( ).…”

Section: Simulation and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar, wide-band omnidirectional retroreflector using metal-only transmitarray structure for TE and TM polarizations

Pesarakloo

Khalaj‐Amirhosseini

2022

Sci Rep

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In this paper, a novel planar and wideband metal-only retroreflector is proposed that efficiently reflects the obliquely incident electromagnetic wave along its incident direction in omnidirectional angle range. The means of omnidirectional is the capability of retroreflectivity in all azimuth angles $$(\varphi_{i} )$$ ( φ i ) and in a wide elevation angle $$(\theta_{i} )$$ ( θ i ) range. The proposed structure consists of a symmetrical transmitarray structure with beam scanning capability in which a metal plate is placed instead of the feed. The transmitarray is designed by using the generalized multifocal approach in which the beam scanning capability is possible via feed displacement and the phase of the elements has azimuthal symmetry that causes omnidirectional property. Now by placing a metal plate at the location of feed displacement and provided that the focused waves are nearly perpendicular to the metal plate, the plane wave is reflected back along its incident direction i.e. the retroreflectivity property is obtained. The proposed retroreflector simulated by CST STUDIO software and fabricated with laser cut technology. The results of measurement show an omnidirectional retroreflectivity with half-power (3-dB RCS level) elevation field of view of 60° (− 30° to 30°) in the frequency range of 8.5–10 GHz (approximately 17%) for both TE and TM polarization.

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“…Additionally, RCS enhancement devices can also play a crucial role in weather monitoring systems, aiding in the accurate detection and tracking of severe weather phenomena. Furthermore, by modifying the radar signature of ships and maritime vessels, these devices can enhance their detectability and identification, contributing to improved maritime security, navigation, and collision avoidance [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Traditional backscatter enhancement devices, such as corner reflectors [9,10], utilize multiple reflective surfaces arranged in a specific geometric configuration to redirect incident radar waves back towards the source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-angle monostatic radar cross section enhanced metasurface based on deep deterministic policy gradient

Jiang

Yan

Pan

et al. 2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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Traditional backscatter enhancement devices include corner reflectors and Luneburg lenses. Corner reflectors are typically made of metal and consist of two or three angled surfaces, resulting in heavy weight and large volume. Luneburg lenses are made of dielectric materials and have higher costs. Both devices require a certain amount of space and are not easy to place. To address these issues, this paper presents a 1-bit 12x12 reconfigurable reflection array that can be attached to the surface of smooth objects. It operates in the frequency range of 10.5-11.5 GHz and achieves full coverage of high-gain backscattering radar cross section (RCS) within the -45°to 45°angular range by changing the coding arrangement of the array. The 1-bit reconfigurable unit is composed of four basic units, with each unit having a PIN diode connecting two separate square metal plates on its surface. By controlling the on/off state of the PIN diodes, a phase difference of 180°in the reflected electromagnetic waves is achieved, enabling the 0/1 coding of the array. The combination of the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm and electromagnetic simulation software is employed to search for coding schemes with high gain, directly evaluating the simulation environment helps to avoid errors that may arise from theoretical calculations and simulations. Simulation results show that, the designed metasurface achieves 5~27dB RCS enhancement for y-polarized waves within the 90°angular range, demonstrating superior wide-angle RCS enhancement effects.

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Wide-angle monostatic RCS enhancement using symmetrical periodic structures

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Wideband/Wide-Angle Planar Single-Layer Retroreflector Using Double Gradient Metasurfaces

Wideband/Wide-Angle Planar Single-Layer Retroreflector Using Double Gradient Metasurfaces

Planar, wide-band omnidirectional retroreflector using metal-only transmitarray structure for TE and TM polarizations

Wide-angle monostatic radar cross section enhanced metasurface based on deep deterministic policy gradient

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