“…Similar enhancement mechanisms have also been reported in other literatures 45 – 48 . Because the metamaterial exhibits both s-polarized TMOKE and p-polarized TMOKE in the 800–1000 nm wavelength range, it is called bi-gyrotropic 49 , 50 , which is extremely difficult to achieve in conventional magnetic materials owing to the large difference in the frequencies of the electric dipole transition and magnetic Larmor precession frequency of electrons. Fig.…”
Metamaterials with artificial optical properties have attracted significant research interest. In particular, artificial magnetic resonances with non-unity permeability tensor at optical frequencies in metamaterials have been reported. However, only non-unity diagonal elements of the permeability tensor have been demonstrated to date. A gyromagnetic permeability tensor with non-zero off-diagonal elements has not been observed at the optical frequencies. Here we report the observation of gyromagnetic properties in the near-infrared wavelength range in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial. The non-zero off-diagonal permeability tensor element causes the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect under s-polarized incidence that otherwise vanishes if the permeability tensor is not gyromagnetic. By retrieving the permeability tensor elements from reflection, transmission, and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect spectra, we show that the effective off-diagonal permeability tensor elements reach 10−3 level at the resonance wavelength (~900 nm) of the split-ring resonators, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than magneto-optical materials at the same wavelength. The artificial gyromagnetic permeability is attributed to the change in the local electric field direction modulated by the split-ring resonators. Our study demonstrates the possibility of engineering the permeability and permittivity tensors in metamaterials at arbitrary frequencies, thereby promising a variety of applications of next-generation nonreciprocal photonic devices, magneto-plasmonic sensors, and active metamaterials.
“…Similar enhancement mechanisms have also been reported in other literatures 45 – 48 . Because the metamaterial exhibits both s-polarized TMOKE and p-polarized TMOKE in the 800–1000 nm wavelength range, it is called bi-gyrotropic 49 , 50 , which is extremely difficult to achieve in conventional magnetic materials owing to the large difference in the frequencies of the electric dipole transition and magnetic Larmor precession frequency of electrons. Fig.…”
Metamaterials with artificial optical properties have attracted significant research interest. In particular, artificial magnetic resonances with non-unity permeability tensor at optical frequencies in metamaterials have been reported. However, only non-unity diagonal elements of the permeability tensor have been demonstrated to date. A gyromagnetic permeability tensor with non-zero off-diagonal elements has not been observed at the optical frequencies. Here we report the observation of gyromagnetic properties in the near-infrared wavelength range in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial. The non-zero off-diagonal permeability tensor element causes the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect under s-polarized incidence that otherwise vanishes if the permeability tensor is not gyromagnetic. By retrieving the permeability tensor elements from reflection, transmission, and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect spectra, we show that the effective off-diagonal permeability tensor elements reach 10−3 level at the resonance wavelength (~900 nm) of the split-ring resonators, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than magneto-optical materials at the same wavelength. The artificial gyromagnetic permeability is attributed to the change in the local electric field direction modulated by the split-ring resonators. Our study demonstrates the possibility of engineering the permeability and permittivity tensors in metamaterials at arbitrary frequencies, thereby promising a variety of applications of next-generation nonreciprocal photonic devices, magneto-plasmonic sensors, and active metamaterials.
“…The observed enhancement of p-polarized TMOKE at the electric resonance is due to the localized surface plasmon resonance-enhanced gyroelectric properties of the MO thin film 32,33 . Because the metamaterial exhibits both s-polarized TMOKE and p-polarized TMOKE in the 800-1000 nm wavelength range, it is called bi-gyrotropic 34,35 that is extremely difficult to achieve in conventional magnetic materials owing to the large difference in the frequencies of the electric dipole transition and magnetic Larmor precession frequency of electrons.…”
Metamaterials with artificial optical properties have attracted significant research interest. In particular, artificial magnetic resonances in non-unity permeability tensor at optical frequencies in metamaterials have been reported. However, only non-unity diagonal elements of the permeability tensor have been demonstrated to date. A gyromagnetic permeability tensor with non-zero off-diagonal elements has not been observed at the optical frequencies. Here we report the observation of gyromagnetic properties in the near-infrared wavelength range in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial. The non-zero off-diagonal permeability tensor element causes the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) under s-polarized incidence that otherwise vanishes if the permeability tensor is not gyromagnetic. By retrieving the permeability tensor elements from reflection, transmission, and TMOKE spectra, we show that the effective off-diagonal permeability tensor elements reach the 10-3 level at the resonance wavelength (~900 nm) of the split-ring resonators that is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of magneto-optical materials at the same wavelength. The artificial gyromagnetic permeability is attributed to the change in the local electric field direction modulated by the split-ring resonators. Our study demonstrates the possibility of engineering the permeability and permittivity tensors in metamaterials at arbitrary frequencies, thereby promising a variety of applications of next-generation nonreciprocal photonic devices, magneto-plasmonic sensors, and active metamaterials.
“…Magnetic-optical (MO) effects are used to break time-reversal symmetry (TRS) to realize topological states in photonics (Haldane and Raghu, 2008;Raghu and Haldane, 2008). The effects of MO represent the phenomena in which electromagnetic (EM) waves propagate in materials with a static magnetic field, such as the Faraday effect (Dannegger et al, 2021;Kazemi et al, 2021;Majedi, 2021;Yertutanol et al, 2021), the MO Kerr effect (Borovkova et al, 2016;Amanollahi et al, 2018;Diaz-Valencia, 2021;Papusoi et al, 2021), and the Zeeman effect (Márquez and Esquivel-Sirvent, 2020;Li et al, 2021). The medium is called gyrotropic (including gyromagnetic and gyroelectric), in which EM parameters can be easily tuned by external field (Wang et al, 2018).…”
The topological state in photonics was first realized based on the magnetic-optic (MO) effect and developed rapidly in recent years. This review summarizes various topological states. First, the conventional topological chiral edge states, which are accomplished in periodic and aperiodic systems based on the MO effect, are introduced. Some typical novel topological states, including valley-dependent edge states, helical edge states, antichiral edge states, and multimode edge states with large Chern numbers in two-dimensional and Weyl points three-dimensional spaces, have been introduced. The manifest point of these topological states is the wide range of applications in wave propagation and manipulation, to name a few, one-way waveguides, isolator, slow light, and nonreciprocal Goos–Hänchen shift. This review can bring comprehensive physical insights into the topological states based on the MO effect and provides reference mechanisms for light one-way transmission and light control.
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