Why we should focus on the burden of injuries and illnesses, not just their incidence

Bahr, Roald; Clarsen, Benjamin; Ekstrand, Jan

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098160

Cited by 193 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the injury burden associated with the 11+ program, allowing for an examination beyond injury incidence . A 33% lower injury burden was observed in the P2 post group compared with both the Standard‐11+ group and to the 2016 baseline, with the greatest burden reductions associated with the most common injuries (ankle sprains, hamstring, and calf muscle strains) in football .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…6,29,[45][46][47] To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the injury burden associated with the 11+ program, allowing for an examination beyond injury incidence. 33 A 33% lower injury burden was observed in the P2 post group compared with both the Standard-11+ group and to the 2016 baseline, 6 with the greatest burden reductions associated with the most common injuries (ankle sprains, hamstring, and calf muscle strains) in football. 6,33 Lower time lost for hamstring, quadriceps, and calf injuries and lower injury incidence for ankle sprains account for the lower injury burden observed in the P2 post group compared with the Standard-11+ group.…”

Section: Effect On Program Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…33 A 33% lower injury burden was observed in the P2 post group compared with both the Standard-11+ group and to the 2016 baseline, 6 with the greatest burden reductions associated with the most common injuries (ankle sprains, hamstring, and calf muscle strains) in football. 6,33 Lower time lost for hamstring, quadriceps, and calf injuries and lower injury incidence for ankle sprains account for the lower injury burden observed in the P2 post group compared with the Standard-11+ group. Interestingly, the Standard-11+ showed a reduction in injury burden compared with the 2016 baseline, 6 which is likely to be the result of a significantly higher number of severe injuries in the baseline season.…”

Section: Effect On Program Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Program effectiveness was represented by injury count (total number of injuries), injury severity, injury incidence (total number of injuries/total football exposure (h) × 1000 h), the number of days lost to injury, and injury type, locations, and mechanisms. Injury burden was then calculated (injury incidence × mean absence (days) per injury) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces injury burden and increases compliance in semi‐professional football

Whalan

Lovell

Steele

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Although the 11+ program has been shown to reduce injuries in sub‐elite football, program compliance is typically poor, suggesting that strategies to optimize delivery are necessary. This study investigated the effect of rescheduling Part 2 of the three‐part 11+ program on program effectiveness. Twenty‐five semi‐professional football clubs were randomly allocated to either a Standard‐11+ (n = 398 players) or P2post group (n = 408 players). Both groups performed the 11+ program at least twice a week throughout the 2017 football season. The Standard‐11+ group performed the entire 11+ program before training activities commenced, whereas the P2post group performed Parts 1 and 3 of the 11+ program before and Part 2 after training. Injuries, exposure, and individual player 11+ dose were monitored throughout the season. No significant between group difference in injury incidence rate (P2post vs Standard‐11+ = 11.8 vs 12.3 injuries/1000 h) was observed. Severe time loss injuries > 28 days (33 vs 58 injuries; P < .002) and total days lost to injury (4303 vs 5815 days; P < .001) were lower in the P2post group. A higher 11+ program dose was observed in the P2post (29.1 doses; 95% CI 27.9‐30.1) versus Standard‐11+ group (18.9 doses; 95% CI 17.6−20.2; P < .001). In semi‐professional football, rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ program to the end of training maintained the effectiveness of the original 11+ program to reduce injury incidence. Importantly, rescheduling Part 2 improved player compliance and reduced the number of severe injuries and total injury burden, thereby enhancing effectiveness of the 11+ program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Effect On Program Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Effect On Program Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces injury burden and increases compliance in semi‐professional football

Whalan

Lovell

Steele

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Hamstring injury is the most common type of non‐contact muscle injury in elite football, with one injury every 1000 hours of play leading to 19 days lost from training and match‐play . Until 2015, hamstring injury incidence increased annually by 2.3%, with an economic burden of £74.4 million in elite European football .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No association between perceived exertion and session duration with hamstring injury occurrence in professional football

Lolli

Bahr

Weston

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Training and competition loads have emerged as modifiable composite risk factors of non‐contact injury. Hamstring strains are the most common injuries in football with substantial burden on the individual player and club. Nevertheless, robust evidence of a consistent load‐hamstring injury relationship in professional football is lacking. Using available data from the Qatar Stars League over three competitive seasons, this study investigated the separate and combined effects of perceived exertion and session duration on hamstring injury occurrence in a sample of 30 outfield football players. Load variables were calculated into 7‐day, 14‐day, 21‐day, 28‐day periods of data, and week‐to‐week changes for average ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; au) score and session‐RPE (s‐RPE; session‐duration × score), plus the cumulative training and match minutes and s‐RPE, respectively. Conditional logistic regression models estimated load‐injury relationships per 2‐within‐subject standard deviation increments in each candidate variable. Associations were declared practically important based on the location of the confidence interval in relation to thresholds of 0.90 and 1.11 defining small beneficial and harmful effects, respectively. The uncertainty for the corrected odds ratios show that typically high within‐subject increments in each candidate variable were not practically important for training‐ and match‐related hamstring injury (95% confidence intervals range: 0.85 to 1.16). We found limited exploratory evidence regarding the value of perceived exertion and session duration as etiological factors of hamstring injury in Middle‐East professional football. Monitoring remains valuable to inform player load management strategies, but our exploratory findings suggest its role for type‐specific injury risk determination appears empirically unsupported.

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Characterization of Rookie Season Injury and Illness and Career Longevity Among National Basketball Association Players

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCEThere is limited research investigating injury and illness among professional basketball players during their rookie season. By improving the understanding of injury incidence and risk specific to rookie players, sports medicine clinicians may be able to further individualize injury mitigation programs that address the unique needs of rookie players. OBJECTIVE To compare incidence and rate ratio (RR) of injury and illness among professional National Basketball Association (NBA) players in their rookie season with veteran players and to explore the association of sustaining an injury rookie season with career longevity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used an online data repository and extracted publicly available data about NBA players between the 2007 and 2008 season to the 2018 and 2019 season. Available data for initial injury and all subsequent injuries were extracted during this time frame. EXPOSURES Injury and illness based on injury status during the rookie season of professional NBA players. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Injury and illness incidence and RR. Association of injury during the rookie season with career longevity was assessed via Poisson regressions. RESULTSOf the 12 basketball seasons analyzed, 904 NBA players were included (mean [SD] age, 24.6 [3.9] years; body mass index, 24.8 [1.8]). The injury and illness incidence for rookie players was 14.28 per 1000 athlete game exposures (AGEs). Among all body regions, ankle injuries had the greatest injury incidence among players injured during their rookie season (3.17 [95% CI, per 1000 AGEs). Rookie athletes demonstrated higher RR compared with veterans across multiple

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Why we should focus on the burden of injuries and illnesses, not just their incidence

Cited by 193 publications

References 44 publications

Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces injury burden and increases compliance in semi‐professional football

Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces injury burden and increases compliance in semi‐professional football

No association between perceived exertion and session duration with hamstring injury occurrence in professional football

Characterization of Rookie Season Injury and Illness and Career Longevity Among National Basketball Association Players

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