“…So, while the opinion of Government is that "some rebalancing of the pull between teaching and research is undoubtedly required" (Johnson & DBIS, 2015), others argue that On the contrary, the vast majority of the effort of academics and the bureaucracy of our institutions is already de oted to tea hi g… The i dust ies of ualit assu a e a ou d tea hi g e isted lo g efo e the bureaucracy of the REF. (Black, 2015) This opinion is supported by the existence of a previous effort to focus on teaching in highe edu atio , the Qualit Assu a e Age s QAA Tea hi g Qualit Assess e t (TQA) exercise in 1993, which included external subject reviewers carrying out observations of teaching, but met with such resistance from the academic community that it was phased out in 2001 (Laughton, 2003). Academic resistance to systems which are perceived to contribute to a reduction in autonomy have been well documented (Attwood, 2009;Laughton, 2003;S.…”