Why there is an Increased Risk of Cardiac Failure, Widening of Pulse Pressure and Hemorrhagic Stroke in Type 2 Diabetics Over Age 60: Roles of Unrecognized Hypomagnesemia and Epigenetics Coupled with Increased Levels of Ceramides, Cytokines, ROS, 4-HNE and Platelet-Activating Factor

Abstract

However, despite more than 80 years of intensive research, it remains to be determined how this angiopathy and widened PP develop. The lack of highly sophisticated in-vivo, non-invasive biophysical and biochemical techniques which are needed to diagnose, early, the microvascular structural and hemorheological alterations in the heart and brain, unfortunately, has often missed the potential underlying changes which can lead to cardiac failure and/or stroke in people over 60 years of age. About seven in 10 people over 65 with diabetes will die of heart disease and one in six from a stroke.