Why the Synthesis Affects Performance of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

The limited cyclability of high‐specific‐energy layered transition metal oxide (LiTMO2) cathode materials poses a significant challenge to the industrialization of batteries incorporating these materials. This limitation can be attributed to various factors, with the intrinsic behavior of the crystal structure during the cycle process being a key contributor. These factors include phase transition induced cracks, reduced Li active sites due to Li/Ni mixing, and slower Li+ migration. Additionally, the presence of synthesis‐induced heterogeneous phases and lattice defects cannot be disregarded as they also contribute to the degradation in performance. Therefore, gaining a profound understanding of the intricate relationship between material synthesis, structure, and performance is imperative for the development of LiTMO2. This paper highlights the pivotal role of structural play in LiTMO2 materials and provides a comprehensive overview of how various control factors influence the specific pathways of structural evolution during the synthesis process. Additionally, it summarizes the scientific challenges associated with diverse modification approaches currently employed to address the cyclic failure of materials. The overarching goal is to provide readers with profound insights into the study of LiTMO2.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Unveiling the Future of Li-Ion Batteries: Real-Time Insights into the Synthesis of Advanced Layered Cathode Materials

“…Tremendous efforts have been made to examine the impact of key parameters on the synthesis of layered cathode materials by varying precursor types, stoichiometry, temperature, atmosphere, procedures (such as heating and cooling rates, and aging time), and dopants. , In situ high-temperature XRD (HT-XRD) studies of layered cathode materials during calcination or sintering have primarily focused on characterizing solid-state reaction mechanisms, encompassing heating, aging, and cooling. , The overall synthesis process can be divided into four stages based on temperature: Stage I is from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C, Stage II is above 500 °C, Stage III is aging at the reaction temperature, and Stage IV is cooling (Scheme ). In Stage I, the Li and TM precursors decompose and react with each other, forming partially lithiated intermediate phases.…”