Why Schistosomiasis Mansoni is still highly Prevalent in Rural Ezbas in Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt?

Motawea, Saad; Soliman, Mohamed H.; El-Nemr, Hosam

doi:10.21608/jhiph.2003.198197

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Across 37 studies 18–54 , there were 31295 participants. Egypt was the most frequently studied country ((Figure 2) (21 · 62%; 8/37)) 18,20,21,26,32,36,42,43 . Most studies included both men and women (97 · 29%, 36/37), and a single study included only men (2 · 70%, 1/37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common reasons for being categorised as moderate or high risk of bias were providing the data in an unadjusted model or only presenting descriptive statistics (93·5%, 29/31) The 30 studies included in the meta-analysis were subject to sensitivity analyses. High (7), 22,24,26,36,46,48,50 moderate (16), 18,20,21,25,28–30,34,38,40,42–44,51,53,54 and low (7) 19,23,33,37,39,47,49 ROB studies were treated as individual subgroups and the pooled effect size of current infection status against PPF was reanalysed (Table 3). The low ROB studies showed no association of current schistosome infection status with PPF (2 · 71, 95% CI:0·98-7·48) with a significant association in the moderate ROB subgroup (OR 1 · 92, 95% CI: 1 · 34-2 · 76) and the strongest association in high ROB subgroup (OR 5 · 53, 95% CI: 1 · 71-17 · 87).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 However, many did not provide data on the co-infection with Schistosoma species (72•72%, 8/11). Most studies diagnosed schistosome infection by Kato-Katz microscopy (91•89%, 34/37) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][49][50][51][52]54 with two studies using only serology 27,44 and three studies with both microscopy and serology. 26,48,53 Over 43% (16/37) 19,22,23,[30][31][32][33][34]37,38,41,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, in all five studies reporting a case-control design, none exploited this aspect of case-control design, choosing instead to match on infection exposure, age, and sex as opposed to matching on disease outcomes to retrospectively ascertain the relevance of a wide range of risk factors. 24,26,36,38,47 Hence, it is questionable whether the larger effect size in case-control designs represents a true effect size of infection status. Future studies should consider case-control designs that match the disease outcome, especially within health facilities, where patients with pre-diagnosed, severe stages of the disease can be easily identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of currentSchistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum,andS. mekongiinfection status and intensity with periportal fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ewuzie,

Wilburn,

Thakrar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Periportal fibrosis (PPF) is a severe morbidity caused by both current and past exposure to intestinal schistosomes. We assessed the association between current/active infection status and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, or S. mekongi with PPF. Methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Global Health, Global Index Medicus and Medline on August 24, 2022. A meta-analysis to derive pooled effect sizes for concurrently measured current schistosome infection status and intensity against author-defined PPF was conducted using inverse-variance weighted random effects. Subgroup analyses by study characteristics and risk of bias assessments using a modified National Institute of Health Risk of Bias Tool were completed. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022333919). Findings: We identified 2646 records; 37 studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in the meta-analysis. S. mansoni was most studied (91.89%; 34/37). PPF was heterogeneously defined with the Niamey ultrasound protocol commonly used for diagnosis. Individuals with any current infection were 2.50 (95% CI:1.71-3.66) times more likely to have PPF compared to uninfected individuals with high heterogeneity (I2 statistic 94.80%). Subgroup analyses showed there was no association when only ultrasound patterns or modified Niamey Protocols were used. There was no association in studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa after 2002 when mass drug administration became widespread, or in studies with a low risk of bias. No significant association was found between schistosome infection intensity and PPF. Interpretation: World Health Organization guidelines use current schistosome infection intensity as a proxy for schistosomiasis-related morbidity. This study supports that only current infection status was tenuously associated with PPF. Guidelines are needed to better monitor schistosomiasis-related morbidities. Funding: NDPH Pump Priming Fund, Wellcome Trust-ISSF (204826/Z/16/Z), John Fell Fund, Robertson Foundation, and UKRI EPSRC (EP/X021793/1).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of currentSchistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum,andS. mekongiinfection status and intensity with periportal fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ewuzie,

Wilburn,

Thakrar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Even so, the presence of S . mansoni among school children in the present work indicates illiteracy about the prevention and improper control methods including contamination of water canals and probably inappropriate application of snail control and treatment policy (Motawea et al ., 2004). Most of the children live in poor hygiene and sanitation areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection compared with Kato–Katz and real-time PCR

et al. 2022

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The performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA from stool and urine samples in comparison with Kato–Katz and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was studied. After obtaining informed consent, 50 children participated in the present study and agreed to submit stool and urine samples. Stool samples were examined by Kato–Katz. Both real-time PCR and LAMP techniques were applied on stool and urine samples. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 46% in stool and urine samples as detected by the employed techniques, and 90% of cases had light infection intensity. The highest percentage of infection was diagnosed by real-time PCR (44%), followed by Kato–Katz (42%) and LAMP in the stool (36%), while the lowest percentages of infection were diagnosed by real-time PCR and LAMP in urine samples (24% and 14%, respectively). Kato–Katz, real-time PCR and LAMP showed 100% specificity where the sensitivity was 91.3%, 95.7% and 78.3%, respectively, in stool samples. Real-time PCR and LAMP showed lower sensitivity in urine samples. The LAMP assay is a promising technique for S. mansoni diagnosis in endemic countries of moderate and high-intensity infection. Yet, it needs further optimization, particularly in urine samples.

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Why Schistosomiasis Mansoni is still highly Prevalent in Rural Ezbas in Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Association of currentSchistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum,andS. mekongiinfection status and intensity with periportal fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of currentSchistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum,andS. mekongiinfection status and intensity with periportal fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection compared with Kato–Katz and real-time PCR

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