Why (not) associate the principle of inclusion with disability? Tracing connections from the start of the ‘Salamanca Process’

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“…Three UNESCO conferences are widely acknowledged as markers in progress towards inclusive education: Jomtien, Salamanca, and Dakar. Jomtien is recognized as the starting point of focusing on basic learning needs, Salamanca marked the beginning of an emphasis on inclusion and Dakar a focus on measuring progress towards achieving earlier goals and as an international affirmation of commitment to achieving these goals (Kiuppis, 2014).…”

“…Within the Salamanca Statement, inclusive schools are a fundamental principle (Hunt, 2011;Kiuppis, 2014). The Salamanca Statement highlights inclusive education with specific reference to disability (Ainscow, 2006;Vislie 2003).…”

“…The Salamanca Statement does not reference a bifurcated model of general education and special education (Hunt, 2011;Kiuppis, 2014). The Salamanca Statement presents a vision of inclusive education that requires nations to meet the educational needs of all children.…”

“…However, Graham and Jahnukainen (2011) found that other forms of segregated placements were growing within the neighbourhood schools, creating a dual system where children were segregated in separate classrooms within the same school or not provided with instruction that allowed access to the curriculum, just as there is in the United States. The split approach to education that exists in the United States and Australia with special education existing as a separate but parallel form of education was also how UNESCO described education from 1965 until roughly the mid 1990's (Kiuppis, 2014).…”

Sorteando barreras hacia la inclusión. Una historia de vida

“…De hecho, múltiples autores (Moriña, 2008;Parrilla, 2001;Kiuppis, 2014;Aziz Ghoneim, 2014;Amar, Tello, Bianchi, y Asprella, 2015;Skliar, 2015;Limbach-Reich, 2015;Esteban-Guitart y Llopart, 2016;Escudero, 2016;Wagner, 2017) sitúan los principios del movimiento de educación inclusiva en 1990 cuando se celebró la conferencia de la Unesco en Jomtien (Tailandia) y en la que por primera vez se hizo pública la idea de "Educación para todos". Fue en ese momento cuando emergió por primera vez el concepto de inclusión educativa, y tan solo cuatro años después en la "Conferencia Mundial sobre Necesidades Educativas Especiales.…”