Why Maps Matter in GIScience

Analytical 3D views and virtual globes — scientific results in a familiar spatial context

“…Kraak (2006) considers maps as flexible interfaces to geospatial data which offer interaction with the data (and, ultimately, the 'reality') behind the representation. Maps should be regarded as instruments that encourage exploration, but maps and graphics cannot do this alone (Kraak, 2006). Whereas maps are more readily understood than descriptive text or tables, there is still much to be done for better, more direct and more appealing communication.…”

Usability Issues in Applying Participatory Mapping for Neighborhood Infrastructure Planning

“…In relation to the role of visual methods to provide decision support, a conceptual framework for the use of maps for problem solving in GI Science has been articulated as: exploration – synthesis – analysis – presentation processes, not necessarily in a sequential order (Gahegan 2005, Kraak 2006). DiBiase (1990) emphasized that the research process with visual methods develops through four stages of exploration of data, confirmation of data relationships, synthesis of findings, and presentation of the research.…”

“…DiBiase (1990) emphasized that the research process with visual methods develops through four stages of exploration of data, confirmation of data relationships, synthesis of findings, and presentation of the research. These stages involve the use of visual methods to support visual thinking in the private realm and visual communication in the public realm (see also Gahegan 2005, Kraak 2006). Although both conceptual frameworks do not specify their applicability for collaborative decision‐making, both frameworks provide research directions for investigating the role of visual methods for participatory or group decision making.…”

50 Years and Counting…

“…Some 40 years later, M-J. Kraak authored the most popular paper 'download' from the online version of The Journal on the importance of maps in GIScience (Kraak, 2006). The journal has published numerous papers that explore specific areas of work such as computational approaches to new map projections, alternative generalisation algorithms and mapping for users with specific needs as well as papers that explore customized content, international map products and the changing landscapes of commercial and academic cartography.…”