Why Is Mommy So Stressed? Estimating the Immediate Impact of the "COVID-19 Shock" on Parental Attachement to the Labor Market and the Double-Bind of Mothers

Heggeness, Misty L.

doi:10.21034/iwp.33

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Concerning gender imbalances, this literature finds that in the U.S., women spent more time taking care of children than men during March and April 2020 (Adams-Prassl et al 2020), mothers with jobs in early school-closure states were more likely than mothers in late school-closure states to have a job but not be working (Heggeness 2020), and mothers reduced their work hours more than fathers (Collins et al 2020). Similar patterns were observed outside the U.S.…”

Section: Connections To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 66%

“…Specifically, it relates to the literature highlighting heterogeneous labor market effects of the crisis (Adams-Prassl et al 2020;Beland et al 2020;Mongey and Weinberg 2020) and mental health effects by gender (De Pedraza et al 2020; for several countries; and for the UK: Davillas and Jones 2020; Etheridge and Spantig 2020;and Oreffice and Quintana-Domeque 2020). In this literature, only a few studies use survey data collected during the pandemic and they looked mostly at the short-term effects of the COVID crisis (Farré et al 2020;Sevilla and Smith 2020;Andrew et al 2020;and Oreffice and Quintana-Domeque 2020;Adams-Prassl et al 2020;Collins et al 2020;Heggeness 2020;Del Boca et al 2020;Biroli et al 2020;Villadsen et al 2020).…”

Section: Connections To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in couples’ division of childcare, work and mental health during COVID-19

2021

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The current COVID-19 crisis, with its associated school and daycare closures as well as social-distancing requirements, has the potential to magnify gender differences both in terms of childcare arrangements within the household and at work. We use data from a nationally representative sample of the United States from the Understanding Coronavirus in America tracking survey to understand gender differences within households on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. We study how fathers and mothers are coping with this crisis in terms of childcare provision, employment, working arrangements, and psychological distress levels. We find that women have carried a heavier load than men in the provision of childcare during the COVID-19 crisis, even while still working. Mothers' current working situations appear to have a limited influence on their provision of childcare. This division of childcare is, however, associated with a reduction in working hours and an increased probability of transitioning out of employment for working mothers. Finally, we observe a small but new gap in psychological distress that emerged between mothers and women without school-age children in the household in early April. This new gap appears to be driven by higher levels of psychological distress reported by mothers of elementary school-age and younger children.

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Section: Connections To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Connections To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in couples’ division of childcare, work and mental health during COVID-19

2021

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“…Similarly, Heggeness (2020) finds no effects for most outcomes, including 3 Initial drafts of each of these studies and ours began circulating publicly within a short amount of time. Rojas et al (2020) was distributed by the NBER working paper series on May 11 th , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Young Children and Parents' Labor Supply during COVID-19

2020

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We study the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on the labor supply of parents with young children. Using the monthly Current Population Survey, and following a pre-analysis plan, we use three variations of difference-indifferences to compare workers with childcare needs to those without. The first compares parents with young children and those without young children, while the second and third rely on the presence of someone who could provide childcare in the household: a teenager in one and a grandparent in the other. We analyze three outcomes: whether parents were "at work" (not sick, on vacation, or otherwise away from his or her job); whether they were employed; and hours worked. Contrary to expectation, we find the labor supply of parents with young children was not negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, some evidence suggests they were more likely to be working after the pandemic unfolded. For the outcomes of being at work and employed, our results are not systematically different for men and women, but some findings suggest women with young children worked almost an hour longer per week than those without. These results suggest that factors like employers allowing employees to work at home and informal sources of childcare aided parents in avoiding negative shocks to their labor supply during the pandemic.

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“…The earliest impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment was experienced by parents, many of whom reported worsening mental health after the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis along with loss of child-care and food insecurity ( Patrick et al, 2020 ). Early school closures had an especially strong impact on mothers of school age children, who were disproportionately likely to take leave from work before family friendly workplace policies (e.g., remote work) or public policies (e.g., supplemental unemployment benefits) were established ( Heggeness, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling suicide risk among parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological inflexibility exacerbates the impact of COVID-19 stressors on interpersonal risk factors for suicide

Crasta

Daks

Rogge

2020

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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Public health researchers have raised the concern that both the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing public health response will increase interpersonal stressors associated with suicide risk. The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework conceptualizes psychological flexibility as an important way to reduce the impact of painful and even catastrophic events on psychological suffering. The current study examines psychological flexibility as a potential moderator of the prevailing interpersonal model of suicide risk. METHODS: A sample of 1003 parents (73% female, 82% Caucasian 86% in romantic relationships) were recruited as part of a larger study on the COVID-19 pandemic and family functioning from Mach 27th to the end of April 2020, the height of the United States’ “first wave.” Participants completed measures of psychological flexibility (the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility inventory; MPFI), interpersonal constructs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness), desire for death, COVID-19 related stressors (resource strain and loss due to COVID-19). RESULTS: Moderated-mediation path models highlighted a significant indirect association between COVID-19 stressors and desire for death mediated by perceived burdensomeness to others. This indirect pathway was moderated by psychological inflexibility such that links were strongest at high levels of inflexibility and weak or non-significant at low levels of inflexibility. Results were generally consistent across five of the six facets of inflexibility. DISCUSSION: The findings highlight the value of targeting psychological inflexibility as an important strategy to reduce suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications of patterns of results across different facets for treatment approach are discussed.

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Why Is Mommy So Stressed? Estimating the Immediate Impact of the "COVID-19 Shock" on Parental Attachement to the Labor Market and the Double-Bind of Mothers

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Gender differences in couples’ division of childcare, work and mental health during COVID-19

Gender differences in couples’ division of childcare, work and mental health during COVID-19

Young Children and Parents' Labor Supply during COVID-19

Modeling suicide risk among parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological inflexibility exacerbates the impact of COVID-19 stressors on interpersonal risk factors for suicide

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