Why Is It Much Easier To Nucleate Gas Bubbles than Theory Predicts?

Lubetkin, S.D.

doi:10.1021/la0266381

Cited by 190 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The range of total gas content values for our samples was 1.6 to 6.5 mL L −1 , which is in the lower end of ranges reported by Matsuo and Miyake (1966), Tison et al (2002) and Crabeck et al (2014b). Zhou et al (2013) suggested that gas transport through sea ice occurs via processes diverging from those controlling the transport of salt.…”

Section: The Fate Of Gas Vs the Fate Of Saltcontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Where the brine volume exceeds the permeability threshold for columnar ice of 5 % V b (Golden et al, 1998(Golden et al, , 2007, the ice layer is referred to as permeable. curs when SAT f > 1, so these subsaturated layers should be bubble-free, though bubble nucleation from saturated gas solutions has been observed at much lower saturations than theoretically expected (Lubetkin, 2003). On 14 January, 75 % of the bubbles observed were located in subsaturated permeable bottom layer of columnar sea ice.…”

Section: Bottom Permeable Columnar Icementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Theoretically, nucleation occurs when the sum of the partial pressures of dissolved gases is higher than the local hydrostatic pressure. We therefore compared (i) the gas concentrations profile measured in bulk ice; C bulk ice to (ii) the theoretical inventory predicted by the solubility in brine at atmospheric saturation; C Saturation (i.e., the maximum concentration of O 2 , N 2 and Ar in the dissolved phase when the brine is not supersaturated; Carte, 1961;Lubetkin, 2003;Zhou et al, 2013). C Saturation is obtained by calculating the temperature and salinity-dependent solubility of O 2 , N 2 and Ar in the brine (Garcia and Gordon, 1992;Hamme and Emerson, 2004) and multiplying it by the relative brine volume (i.e., the brine volume fraction (V b ), see below) and expressed in mL L −1 of bulk ice.…”

Section: Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging air volume fraction in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray tomography

Crabeck

Galley

Delille³

et al. 2016

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Although the presence of a gas phase in sea ice creates the potential for gas exchange with the atmosphere, the distribution of gas bubbles and transport of gases within the sea ice are still poorly understood. Currently no straightforward technique exists to measure the vertical distribution of air volume fraction in sea ice. Here, we present a new fast and non-destructive X-ray computed tomography technique to quantify the air volume fraction and produce separate images of air volume inclusions in sea ice. The technique was performed on relatively thin (4-22 cm) sea ice collected from an experimental ice tank. While most of the internal layers showed air volume fractions < 2 %, the ice-air interface (top 2 cm) systematically showed values up to 5 %. We suggest that the air volume fraction is a function of both the bulk ice gas saturation factor and the brine volume fraction. We differentiate micro bubbles (Ø < 1 mm), large bubbles (1 mm < Ø < 5 mm) and macro bubbles (Ø > 5 mm). While micro bubbles were the most abundant type of gas bubbles, most of the air porosity observed resulted from the presence of large and macro bubbles. The ice texture (granular and columnar) as well as the permeability state of ice are important factors controlling the air volume fraction. The technique developed is suited for studies related to gas transport and bubble migration.

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Section: The Fate Of Gas Vs the Fate Of Saltcontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Bottom Permeable Columnar Icementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging air volume fraction in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray tomography

Crabeck

Galley

Delille³

et al. 2016

The Cryosphere

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“…The association of polymers containing a large number of hydrophobic pendant groups, for example polymer HC10-h, may further strengthen polymer adhesion to bubbles. The grouping of the hydrophobic regions can also facilitate bubble nucleation via catalytic effects offered by the hydrophobic zones (Lubetkin, 2003), leading to bubbles formed with polymers in situ. When bubbles are formed in the presence of the polymer, little to no diffusion is required to associate a polymer to its surface.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Cell Removal In Posidafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobically-associating cationic polymers as micro-bubble surface modifiers in dissolved air flotation for cyanobacteria cell separation

et al. 2014

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Cyanobacteria Flotation PosiDAFWater soluble polymers a b s t r a c t Dissolved air flotation (DAF), an effective treatment method for clarifying algae/cyanobacteria-laden water, is highly dependent on coagulation-flocculation. Treatment of algae can be problematic due to unpredictable coagulant demand during blooms. To eliminate the need for coagulation-flocculation, the use of commercial polymers or surfactants to alter bubble charge in DAF has shown potential, termed the PosiDAF process. When using surfactants, poor removal was obtained but good bubble adherence was observed.Conversely, when using polymers, effective cell removal was obtained, attributed to polymer bridging, but polymers did not adhere well to the bubble surface, resulting in a cationic clarified effluent that was indicative of high polymer concentrations. In order to combine the attributes of both polymers (bridging ability) and surfactants (hydrophobicity), in this study, a commercially-available cationic polymer, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA), was functionalised with hydrophobic pendant groups of various carbon chain lengths to improve adherence of polymer to a bubble surface. Its performance in PosiDAF was contrasted against commercially-available poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC). All synthesised polymers used for bubble surface modification were found to produce positively charged bubbles. When applying these cationic micro-bubbles in PosiDAF, in the absence of coagulation-flocculation, cell removals in excess of 90% were obtained, reaching a maximum of 99% cell removal and thus demonstrating process viability. Of the synthesised polymers, the polymer * Corresponding author.E-mail address: r.henderson@unsw.edu.au (R.K. Henderson). 1 Current address: School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal h ome page: www.elsevier.com/loca te/watres w a t e r r e s e a r c h 6 1 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 2 5 3 e2 6 2 http://dx

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“…Lubetkin [62] presented a list that illustrates the variety of arguments that have been put forward to explain the discrepancies between nucleation theory and experiments. The supersaturation ratio in the Champagne example is low compared to the theoretical predictions of ζ > 1000 in order for homogeneous nucleation to occur at room temperature [63].…”

Section: Bubble Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing bubbles and freezing drops: depletion effects and tip singularities

Puente¹

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Why Is It Much Easier To Nucleate Gas Bubbles than Theory Predicts?

Cited by 190 publications

References 51 publications

Imaging air volume fraction in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray tomography

Imaging air volume fraction in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray tomography

Hydrophobically-associating cationic polymers as micro-bubble surface modifiers in dissolved air flotation for cyanobacteria cell separation

Growing bubbles and freezing drops: depletion effects and tip singularities

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