Why Is Ice Slippery?

Rosenberg, R.

doi:10.1063/1.2169444

Cited by 275 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We account for this small decrease by calculating our liquid 1 (6) Unless otherwise noted, uncertainties listed for all values, and error bars on all figures, are the calculated standard errors (±1 SE) propagated from the measured relative standard error of each component.…”

Section: Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Singlet Molecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute and Temperature Dependence of Liquid-Like Regions in/on Ice

Bower

Anastasio

2013

J. Phys. Chem. A

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TitleUsing singlet molecular oxygen to probe the solute and temperature dependence of liquidlike regions in/on ice freezing-point depression. For ice below its eutectic temperature, the influence of freezingpoint depression on F is damped; the extreme case is with Na 2 SO 4 as the solute, where F shows essentially no agreement with freezing-point depression. In contrast, for ice containing 3 mmol/kg NaCl, measured values of F agree well with freezing-point depression over a range of temperatures, including below the eutectic. Our experiments also reveal that the photon flux in LLRs increases in the presence of salts, which has implications for ice photochemistry in the lab and, perhaps, in the environment.

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Section: Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Singlet Molecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute and Temperature Dependence of Liquid-Like Regions in/on Ice

Bower

Anastasio

2013

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…At the beginning (first 1-2ns), there is an increase of the energy but after that the energy remains approximately constant, apart from the thermal fluctuations. The analysis of the configurations of the TIP4P/2005 at T = 245 K, shows that the increase of energy during the first 1ns is due to the formation of a thin liquid layer at the surface of ice, which may indicate the onset of surface melting, mentioned already in the Introduction, and first proposed by Faraday [257]. The formation of a quasi liquid layer on the surface of ice below T m has been found both in experiment (see [258,259,260,261,262] and references therein) and in computer computer simulation for several potential models of water [263,264,265,266,92] and it has been explained by several theoretical treatments [258,260].…”

Section: Melting Point As Estimated From Simulations Of the Free Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phase diagrams via computer simulation: methodology and applications to water, electrolytes and proteins

Vega¹,

Sanz

Abascal

et al. 2008

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

275

452

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Abstract. In this review we focus on the determination of phase diagrams by computer simulation with particular attention to the fluid-solid and solid-solid equilibria. The methodology to compute the free energy of solid phases will be discussed. In particular, the Einstein crystal and Einstein molecule methodologies are described in a comprehensive way. It is shown that both methodologies yield the same free energies and that free energies of solid phases present noticeable finite size effects. In fact this is the case for hard spheres in the solid phase. Finite size corrections can be introduced, although in an approximate way, to correct for the dependence of the free energy on the size of the system. The computation of free energies of solid phases can be extended to molecular fluids. The procedure to compute free energies of solid phases of water (ices) will be described in detail. The free energies of ices Ih, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI and XII will be presented for the SPC/E and TIP4P models of water. Initial coexistence points leading to the determination of the phase diagram of water for these two models will be provided. Other methods to estimate the melting point of a solid, as the direct fluid-solid coexistence or simulations of the free surface of the solid will be discussed. It will be shown that the melting points of ice Ih for several water models, obtained from free energy calculations, direct coexistence simulations and free surface simulations, agree within their statistical uncertainty. Phase diagram calculations can indeed help to improve potential models of molecular fluids. For instance, for water, the potential model TIP4P/2005 can be regarded as an improved version of TIP4P. Here we will review some recent work on the phase diagram of the simplest ionic model, the restricted primitive model. Although originally devised to describe ionic liquids, the model is becoming quite popular to describe the behaviour of charged colloids. Besides the possibility of obtaining fluid-solid equilibria for simple protein models will be discussed. In these primitive models, the protein is described by a spherical potential with certain anisotropic bonding sites (patchy sites).

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“…The idea of pressure melting explaining ice friction has remained as common wisdom; however, it was already disputed upon publication by Faraday and Gibbs [3,4]. Later studies have confirmed that the pressures required are much too high for standard slippery scenarios, and ice friction is dominated by the spontaneous formation of a liquidlike premelt layer on the ice surface even well below freezing temperature [1,2]. Nonetheless, pressure melting is real and does play a role when the temperature is close to 0 C or the pressures involved are high.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only does the amount of ice on the planet regulate global sea levels, melting ice plays a part in phenomena as diverse as the electrification of thunderclouds, frost heave, and slippery ice surfaces [1,2]. Early studies concluded that ice melts under moderate pressures, forming a thin water layer that is the source of ice's slipperiness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting Ice: Nanowire Regelation

et al. 2010

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Even below its normal melting temperature, ice melts when subjected to high pressure and refreezes once the pressure is lifted. A classic demonstration of this regelation phenomenon is the passing of a thin wire through a block of ice when sufficient force is exerted. Here we present a molecular-dynamics study of a nanowire cutting through ice to unravel the molecular level mechanisms responsible for regelation. In particular, we show that the transition from a stationary to a moving wire due to increased driving force changes from symmetric and continuous to asymmetric and discontinuous as a hydrophilic wire is replaced by a hydrophobic one. This is explained at the molecular level in terms of the wetting properties of the wire.

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Why Is Ice Slippery?

Abstract: In 1859 Michael Faraday postulated that a thin film of liquid covers the surface of ice—even at temperatures well below freezing. Neglected for nearly a century, the dynamics of ice surfaces has now grown into an active research topic.

Cited by 275 publications

References 31 publications

Using Singlet Molecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute and Temperature Dependence of Liquid-Like Regions in/on Ice

Using Singlet Molecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute and Temperature Dependence of Liquid-Like Regions in/on Ice

Determination of phase diagrams via computer simulation: methodology and applications to water, electrolytes and proteins

Cutting Ice: Nanowire Regelation

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