Why is frequency channel diversity so beneficial in wireless sensor networks?

Varga, Liviu-Octavian; Heusse, Martin; Guizzetti, Roberto; Duda, Andrzej

doi:10.1109/wd.2016.7461497

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this set up, even though we use the maximum transmission power (6 dBm), many packets are lost. However, by using 4 channels (11,16,21,26) evenly spread along the whole ISM 2.4GHz band, at least one of them always leads to a PRR over 50%. Recall that beacons are broadcast frames, they do not use neither retransmission nor clear channel assessment.…”

Section: Evaluation and Performance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antenna radiation pattern variations have a significant effect at any distance between the sender and the receiver and it adds up to the radio channel multipath fading sensitivity to the wavelength, which is usually rather limited at a short distance (for path lengths differing by 1m, the coherence band is as large as the entire 2.4GHz ISM band [10]). In essence, both effects combine and add up to each other [16].…”

Section: A Outdoor Radiation Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving robustness of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with Round-Robin channel diversity

Varga¹,

Heusse²,

Guizzetti³

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

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Reliable wireless communication even in adverse conditions is the key for building the energy efficient and dependable Internet of Things. In this paper, we explore the benefits of channel diversity for enabling efficient wireless communication: we propose MRR (Multi-channel Round-Robin), a backwardcompatible evolution of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 in which energy constrained nodes take advantage of additional active periods operating on different channels in a round-robin way. Each active period starts with a beacon sent on a cyclically changing channel, which then allows an associated device to transmit data on the channel used for the beacon. MRR schedules the additional active periods at carefully selected instants to avoid direct beacon collisions. To motivate our work, we first experimentally corroborate previous findings that channel diversity is an effective way of mitigating variable or poor transmission conditions. Then, we observe that channel diversity improves the quality of transmission even better than expected-it appears that wireless sensor nodes have a radiation pattern that changes significantly from one frequency channel to another, which often results in a considerably improved gain when using the right communication channel. The evaluation of the MRR scheme through measurements on a real indoor multihop testbed shows that the proposed scheme results in significantly improved Packet Reception Ratio even without resorting to e.g. channel blacklisting. These results confirm the benefits of multichannel operation and exhibit a fully functional solution that does not add a large overhead compared to using a single channel.

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Section: Evaluation and Performance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Outdoor Radiation Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving robustness of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with Round-Robin channel diversity

Varga¹,

Heusse²,

Guizzetti³

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

Self Cite

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“…Experiments described in [21] showed that changing the communication channel can lead up to a 30 dB of difference in the received power inside an office environment. Varga et al [22] performed experiments for a short range in an environment without multipath, and with Line-Of-Sight (LOS). In that experiment, differences up to 10 dB were observed for some channels.…”

Section: A Fading In Industrial Environments In Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Model for Industrial Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks

Gomes

Queiroz

Fonseca

et al. 2017

JCIS

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Abstract-The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in industrial environments is subject to problems, such as shadowing and fading. In addition, the wireless channel in many industrial environments is non-stationary for a long term, which can cause abrupt changes in the characteristics of the channel over time. A way to deal with those problems is the use of multi-channel protocols. However, it is difficult to evaluate, and compare different approaches because there is no reliable simulation model for industrial environments. This paper presents experimental results that characterize the wireless channel in industrial environments, and proposes a simulation model that captures the effects of fading, shadowing, and the non-stationary characteristics of the channel. It also considers the differences in the behavior of the different channels, and the asymmetry of the links. The model was integrated into the open source simulator Castalia. After the integration, two simulation studies were performed with the proposed model. In the first one, the Tree-based Multi-Channel Protocol was implemented and evaluated, and a comparison was made with the default model from Castalia. In the second case, CSMA/CA protocol, as defined in IEEE 802.15.4 standard, was compared to a protocol based on Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode of IEEE 802.15.4e standard. The results showed that the use of TDMA and channel hopping is an alternative to deal with the problems of wireless channels in industrial environments.

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“…Experiments described in [Amzucu, Li and Fledderus 2014] evaluated the multiple-channel approach, and showed that changing the communication channel can lead up to a 30 dB of difference in the received power inside an office environment. Varga et al [Varga et al 2016] performed experiments for a short range in an environment without multipath, and with Line-Of-Sight (LOS).…”

Section: Multiple Channel Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions to Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Queiroz¹

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Avanços recentes nas redes de sensores sem fio (WSN), especialmente em ambientes industriais (IWSN), trouxeram melhorias importantes para implantação de uma rede de sensores nesses ambientes. No entanto, há um alto nível de interferência, ruído, sombreamento e desvanecimento por múltiplos percursos na indústria, causados por máquinas, objetos metálicos e obstruções, que podem afetar a qualidade do enlace. Alguns mecanismos foram propostos para mitigar os efeitos negativos, como salto de frequência e lista negra de canais. No entanto, ainda existem questões em aberto, como um método apropriado de gerenciar ambos os mecanismos para evitar canais similares ou adjacentes em transmissões simultâneas. O uso de um estimador de qualidade de enlace (LQE), com uma atribuição adequada de canais, ajuda a aumentar o desempenho da rede. Além do uso de estimadores, esta tese propõe duas abordagens que separam os canais de acordo com o perfil temporário de cada um e os insere em listas. O objetivo é lidar melhor com os efeitos negativos do ambiente no meio de transmissão. A primeira usa lista dupla de canais (adequados e inadequados), e a segunda utiliza uma lista tripla de canais (adequados, inadequados e cinza). Em ambas foi levado em consideração o gerenciamento do deslocamento do canal (channel offset), de maneira a evitar colisões e diminuir a interferência interna em transmissões simultâneas. A lista de canais inadequados apresenta canais de baixa qualidade, a lista cinza possui canais com qualidade incerta, e a lista de canais adequados possui canais com boa qualidade. Um método de lógica difusa foi utilizado na abordagem com lista tripla para classificar os canais na lista mais adequada. As duas propostas foram comparadas por meio de simulação utilizando o método de salto em frequência baseado no protocolo TSCH do padrão IEEE 802.15.4e para WSN. No estudo, foram analisadas redes nas topologias em estrela e em árvore, com e sem estimadores de qualidade, com e sem colisões, utilizando um modelo de canal realista para IWSN. Os resultados dos experimentos mostraram que na topologia em árvore as abordagens com lista dupla e tripla apresentaram um melhor desempenho do que a abordagem sem estimadores de qualidade, em termos de taxa de entrega de pacotes e determinismo, e que a lista tripla superou a lista dupla em redes mais dinâmicas. Na topologia em estrela, quanto maior o tamanho da lista de canais inadequados, melhor o desempenho da rede, pois os dispositivos utilizam apenas os melhores canais.Palavras-chave: Redes de sensores sem fio industriais; salto em frequência; deslocamento de canal; lista de canais; lógica difusa.

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Why is frequency channel diversity so beneficial in wireless sensor networks?

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Improving robustness of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with Round-Robin channel diversity

Improving robustness of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with Round-Robin channel diversity

A Simulation Model for Industrial Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks

Contributions to Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

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